Potassium bicarbonate chloride

The waters were analyzed for Si02 (aq), aluminum, iron, magnesium, calcium, sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, chloride, and sulfate (Table II). The pH was measured in the field using a glass electrode. The average compositions of these waters are shown in Table III. The stream composition represents the average of 18 samples taken at base... 

To the epoxide dissolved in a minimal amount of chloroform or ether is added a corresponding solution of freshly prepared thiocyanic acid (20 fold excess) as described above (acetic acid has also been used as solvent). The resulting solution is allowed to stand at least 70 hr at room temperature. (Some workers have protected the reaction mixture from light during this period). The reaction mixture is worked up by washing first with a 10% solution of sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate or potassium bicarbonate, and then water. The remaining ether extract is dried (Na2S04) and evaporated under vacuum. The crude thiocyanatohydrin is crystallized from an appropriate solvent or treated with methanesulfonyl chloride s (see below). 

A mixture of 200 grams of 2-benzoyloxyethanol in 2 liters of pyridine at -5°C is treated with 275 grams of p-toluenesulfonyl chloride and the resulting mixture is stirred at O C for 2 hours. Water is added slowly at O " to 5°C. Extracting with chloroform, washing the extract with dilute hydrochloric acid, water and potassium bicarbonate, and evaporating the solvent leaves benzyloxyethyl p-toluenesulfonate. 

Work-up is initiated by extracting the reaction mixture with three 50-ml. portions of aqueous ] N hydrochloric acid, three 50-ml. portions of aqueous 1AT potassium bicarbonate (Notes 7 and 8), and 50 ml. of saturated aqueous sodium chloride. The organic solution is then dried over sodium sulfate (Note 9), filtered, and concentrated on a rotary evaporator. Purification of t lie residue by bulb-to-bulb distillation (Note 10) at about 140° (5 mm.) provides 1.77-1.98 g. (85-95%) of ethyl 4-acetoxybenzoate as a colorless, viscous liquid (Note 11). 

A drum of 30% solution in water exploded an hour after filling at 50°C, despite having a vent. Calorimetry demonstrated an exothermic, autocatalytic hydrolysis to ammoniacal potassium bicarbonate. In theory, a pressure exceeding 30 bar is obtainable. Aqueous solutions are unstable even at room temperature. Similar hydrolysis may account for an explosive product with Gold(III) chloride. 

Figure 4. Recompression effects on PhDA2-8 jc-A curves over a subphase containing both cadmium chloride and potassium bicarbonate. The subphase temperature 5.0°C and the compression rate was 7.5 (A2/molecule)/min. For recompiession the blade was stopped at each of the following the surface pressures ...

B. 2,2-(Trimethylenedithio)cyclohexanone. A solution of 3.02 g. (0.02 mole) of freshly distilled 1-pyrrolidinocyclohexene, 8.32 g. (0.02 mole) of trimethylene dithiotosylate4 (Note 2), and 5 ml. of triethylamine (Note 3) in 40 ml. of anhydrous acetonitrile (Note 4), is refluxed for 12 hours in a 100-ml., round-bottom flask under a nitrogen atmosphere. The solvent is removed under reduced pressure on a rotary evaporator, and the residue is treated with 100 ml. of aqueous 0.1 N hydrochloric acid for 30 minutes at 50° (Note 5). The mixture is cooled to ambient temperature and extracted with three 50-ml. portions of ether. The combined ether extracts are washed with aqueous 10% potassium bicarbonate solution (Note 6) until the aqueous layer remains basic to litmus, and then with saturated sodium chloride solution. The ethereal solution is dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated on a rotary evaporator. The resulting oily residue is diluted with 1 ml. of benzene and then with 3 ml. of cyclohexane. The solution is poured into a chromatographic column (13 x 2.5 cm.), prepared with 50 g. of alumina (Note 7) and a 3 1 mixture of cyclohexane and benzene. With this solvent system, the desired product moves with the solvent front, and the first 250 ml. of eluent contains 95% of the total product. Elution with a further 175 ml. of solvent removes the remainder. The combined fractions are evaporated, and the pale yellow, oily residue crystallizes readily on standing. Recrystallization of this material from pentane gives 1.82 g. of white crystalline 2,2-(trimethylenedithio)cyclo-hexanone, m.p. 52-55° (45% yield) (Note 8). 

Since hematin inhibits Taq polymerase, it is absolutely essential to eliminate red blood cell contamination. Selective lysis of red blood cells can be accomplished with a buffer mixture consisting of 155 mM ammonium chloride, 10 mM potassium bicarbonate, and 0.1 mM EDTA adjusted to pH 7.4. Alternatively, the cytoplasmic membrane of all cells can be dissolved with a buffer mixture containing the non-ionic detergent Triton-X 100, leaving behind nuclei of white blood cells from which DNA can be extracted. However, this technique will result in the loss of cytoplasmic DNA to the supernatant, and hence will not be able to extract mitochondrial DNA (B11). 

The generally accepted mechanisms for the suppression of fires and explosions by alkali metal salts such as potassium chloride, KCl potassium bicarbonate, KHCO3 and potassium carbonate,K2C03 in the form of dry powders or aerosols (smokes) involve heat absorption, endothermic decomposition and radical recombination. 

One of the first compounds to be introduced to the clinic, aztreonam (40-9), has been produced by total synthesis. Constmction of the chiral azetidone starts with amide formation of L-threonine (40-1) via its acid chloride treatment with ammonia leads to the corresponding amide (40-2). The primary amino group in that product is then protected as its carbobenzyloxy derivative (40-3). Reaction of that product with methanesulfonyl chloride affords the mesylate (40-4). Treatment of that intermediate with the pyridine sulfur trioxide complex leads to the formation of the A -sulfonated amide (40-5). Potassium bicarbonate is sufficiently basic to ionize the very acidic proton on the amide the resulting anion then displaces the adjacent mesylate to form the desired azetidone the product is isolated as its tetrabutyl ammonium salt (40-6). Catalytic hydrogenation over palladium removes the carbobenzyloxy protecting group to afford the free primary amine (40-7). The... 

The mixture is cooled to 15°, and the precipitated potassium bicarbonate is collected on a Buchner funnel. The solid (weight 70-72 g.) is washed on the funnel with 100 ml. of 95% ethanol. The combined filtrate and wash liquor is transferred to a 5-1. round-bottomed flask and made slightly acid Caution Note 1) with dilute hydrochloric acid (about 15-20 ml. of the 10% acid is required). The solution is then concentrated under reduced pressure to a semi-solid residue (Note 1). The cooled residue is shaken with a mixture of 300 ml. of water and 500 ml. of ether. The material dissolves completely the water layer is separated and washed with 200 ml. of ether. The ether solutions are combined, dried over 20 g. of calcium chloride, filtered into a 2-1. round-bottomed flask equipped with a glass joint, and concentrated by distillation (heating on a steam bath). The crude ethyl /3-phenyl-/3-cyanopropionate remains as a clear red oil weighing 130-140 g. It is sufficiently pure for use in the next step (Note 2). 

To a stirred methylene chloride solution of 4.62 gm (15 mmoles) of 1-phenyl-2-(diphenylphosphine oxide)hydrazine maintained at —20°C is added over a 10 min period 2.67 gm (15 mmoles) of iV-bromosuccinimide. The solution is allowed to warm to room temperature, and stirring is continued for 10 min. The solids formed are removed by filtration and discarded. The solution is washed in turn with two portions of 5 % aqueous sodium thiosulfate solution, 0.1 N hydrochloric acid, water, dilute aqueous potassium bicarbonate, and again water. The methylene chloride solution is dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate is evaporated to incipient crystallization at room temperature at reduced pressure yield 4.1 gm (90%), m.p. 105°-106°C. 

To a solution of 2.00 grams (0.00454 mole) of K[Cr(HO-A)2] in 200 ml. of water, cooled to 6° C., were added 12.8 grams of benzoyl chloride and a solution of 2.00 grams of potassium bicarbonate in 20 ml. of water. This mixture was stirred in an ice bath for 30 minutes and then for an additional hour out of the bath. The solution was acidified with concentrated nitric acid, and then filtered to remove benzoic acid. From the filtrate only starting material (infrared spectrum ) and its decomposition products could be isolated. 

Normal adult concentration of serum potassium is 3.5 mmol to 5.0 mmol or mEq per liter, with 4.5 mmol or mEq often used as a reference point 1 g of potassium acetate provides 10.26 mEq of potassium 1 g of potassium bicarbonate provides 10 mEq of potassium 1 g of potassium chloride provides 13.41 mEq of potassium 1 g of potassium citrate provides 9.26 mEq of potassium 1 g of potassium gluconate provides 4.27 mEq of potassium... 

Sulphates. — On boiling Mm solution of3 gin. of potassium bicarbonate in 50 cc. of water and (i re. or hydrochloric acid for several minutes, and Mien adding barium chloride solution, no precipitate of barium sulphate should form within twelve hours. 

Ammonium phosphate, potassium chloride, potassium bicarbonate, and salt. 

Other physical phenomena that may be associated, at least partially, with complex formation are the effect of a salt on the viscosity of aqueous solutions of a sugar and the effect of carbohydrates on the electrical conductivity of aqueous solutions of electrolytes. Measurements have been made of the increase in viscosity of aqueous sucrose solutions caused by the presence of potassium acetate, potassium chloride, potassium oxalate, and the potassium and calcium salt of 5-oxo-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid.81 Potassium acetate has a greater effect than potassium chloride, and calcium ion is more effective than potassium ion. Conductivities of 0.01-0.05 N aqueous solutions of potassium chloride, sodium chloride, potassium sulfate, sodium sulfate, sodium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium hydroxide, and sodium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, and calcium sulfate, in both the presence and absence of sucrose, have been determined by Selix.88 At a sucrose concentration of 15° Brix (15.9 g. of sucrose/100 ml. of solution), an increase of 1° Brix in sucrose causes a 4% decrease in conductivity. Landt and Bodea88 studied dilute aqueous solutions of potassium chloride, sodium chloride, barium chloride, and tetra-... 

Aluminum chloride, 15 Palladium catalysts, 230 N-Phenylselenophthalimide, 245 Containing one nitrogen, one oxygen—oxazolines Potassium bicarbonate, 253 Triphenylphosphine-Diethyl azodi-carboxylate, 332... 

Potassium iodide is not easily purified by the usual methods of recrystallization because of the great solubility of the salt and because of the doubtful removal of possible traces of chloride and bromide. A very pure product may be easily prepared, however, by synthesis from pure hydriodic acid and purified potassium bicarbonate. 

Potassium bicarbonate a-Methoxy-3,4-dichloro-phenylacetyl chloride... 

Aminopenicillanic acid (2.16 g) is dissolved in 20 ml of a one molar aqueous solution of potassium bicarbonate and 10 ml of acetone. The resultant solution is cooled in an ice-water bath and to it is added with stirring a solution of 2.7 g of alpha-methoxy-3,4-dichloro-phenylacetyl chloride in 10 ml of acetone. The pH is adjusted to 7-8 and upon completion of the addition the reaction medium is stirred for 15 min at ice bath temperature and then for 2.5 h at room temperature, maintaining the pH range between 7 and 8. The solution is extracted once with ether and then adjusted to pH 2.5 with 20% phosphoric acid. The acidic solution is extracted once with 30 ml of butyl acetate and again with 10 ml of butyl acetate. These combined butyl acetate extracts are thereafter successively washed twice with water and reextracted at pH 7 with 0.5 N aqueous potassium hydroxide solution. The aqueous layer is washed twice with ether and the remaining organic solvent is then removed by evaporation under reduced pressure. The washed aqueous layer is then lyophilized and the residue thus obtained taken up in acetone. The crystal line product is collected by filtration and dried to yield the potassium salt of 6-(a-methoxy-3,4-dichlorophenylacetamido)penicillanic acid. Upon treatment with mineral acid of an aqueous solution of the compound so prepared, there is obtained the free acid, 6-(a-methoxy-3,4-dichlorophenylacetamido)penicillanic acid. 

Sodium, potassium and chloride sensors were evaluated using undiluted serum specimens with no sample pretreatment of any kind. The performance data set, summarized by Table II, comprises a minimum of 8 sensors and 60 samples. The bicarbonate assays were performed separately on serum specimens buffered at pH 9.0. Clinical efficacy is normally judged by the response linearity, precision and... 

Why cannot potassium bicarbonate be effectively prepared from potassium chloride by the ammonia process (Look up the solubility of potassium bicarbonate.) What process may be used to prepare potassium carbonate from this source ... 

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