Crystallization line

Benzoates. Benzoyl chloride has a very limited application as a reagent in the sugar series, but it is useful for the preparation of a crystal line derivative of glucose and of fructose. 

Verticilline, CigH3302N. Of the same origin as verticine, sinters at 130°, melts at 148-150°, re-solidifies at 157-9° and re-melts at 212-3° (cf. peiminine with which its identity has been suggested) it yields a crystal line platinichloride. 

Tschujaeff and Fromm have shown that by the recrystallisation of the cinchonine salt of the phthalic acid ester, and hydrolysis of the crystal- line salt, thujyl alcohol can be obtained of specific rotation -p 116-9°,... 

The substituted five-ring OPVs have been processed into poly crystal line thin films by vacuum deposition onto a substrate from the vapor phase. Optical absorption and photolumincscence of the films are significantly different from dilute solution spectra, which indicates that intermolecular interactions play an important role in the solid-state spectra. The molecular orientation and crystal domain size can be increased by thermal annealing of the films. This control of the microstruc-ture is essential for the use of such films in photonic devices. 

Cleaved crystals, line widths obtained with, 115, 116... 

The rheology and phase behavior of sodium linear C16-C18 alcohol sulfate and sodium oxo C14-Cl5 (80% linear) alcohol sulfate was studied by van Zon et al. [75]. The oxoalcohol sulfate can be prepared as a handleable 65-70% concentrate. The linear C16-C18 alcohol sulfate only allows 55-60% as maximum concentration. The hexagonal phase of the oxoalcohol sulfate extends from 38% to 55% active matter whereas the hexagonal band of the linear alcohol sulfate is very narrow, only extending from 35% to 40% and its crystallization line is situated at a higher level than for the oxo derivative. 

Let us dwell briefly on experimental situation encountered during investigation of adsorption response of electrophysical parameters in poly crystal line semiconductor adsorbents having high inter-crystalline barriers. 

Differences in the structure of monocrystalline, threshold or bridge type polycrystalline adsorbents are to be manifested in the shape of adsorption - caused response of electrophysical characteristics [25]. The basic models of adsorption - induced response of monocrystalline and barrier poly crystal line adsorbents have been considered in Chapter 1. Here we describe various theoretical models of adsorption-induced response of polycrystalline adsorbents having intercrystalline contacts of the bridge type and their comparison with experimental results. 

Fig. 2.3.6 The two dimensional Pe-xD space, which characterizes the drying of semi-crystal-line polymer solutions, in this case PVOH. In the lower right quadrant (Pe = 0.18, xD = 5.8), the drying is uniform but, because it is slow (the profiles shown were recorded at approximately 12 h intervals), a crystalline layer forms that traps residual water. In the lower left...

At - 75° C. liquid ammonia solidifies into a white crystal line solid. 

The single-mode laser naturally gives less output power than a multimode laser with the same active volume since its induced emission is concentrated into a smaller frequency range. This loss in intensity, however, is much less than one would expect from the ratio of linewidths or from the reduction in oscillating mode number 3i. 32,41) jbis is due to the fact, that not only atoms with the exact transition frequency can contribute to the induced emission, but also those inside the homogeneous linewidth which is determined by collision processes in the case of gas lasers or by crystal line broadening in solid lasers... 

Fluorescence decay measurements have also allowed one to propose a qualitative model of film occupancy in which both amorphous sites and crystal-line-amorphous interfaces would be occupied by ester molecules, with predominance of the former ones [291]. 

Corundum Aluminum oxide White 4.0 9 Crystal line Abrasive... 

Diamond Carbon Colorless 3.5 10 Crystal line Gemstone, abrasive, flux, and lapidary... 

Lumpkin, G. R., Smith, K. L., Blackford, M. G., Giere, R. Williams, C. T. 19986. The crystal-line-amorphous transformation in natural zircono-lite evidence for long-term annealing. Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, 506, 215-222. 

Fig. 116a). Interestingly, almost all crystals were aligned in their edge directions. Electron diffraction of a 2-nm-diameter area (Fig. 116) showed diffraction spots corresponding to the 220, 422, and 440 planes, indicating that all crystals line up and have their (111) planes perpendicular to the electron beam. 

Sulphur IF. Tabular Sulphur.—This is another variety of mono-clinic or monosymmetric sulphur which is exceedingly unstable and has, in consequence, been little investigated.1 When the clear liquid obtained by saturating an alcohol solution of ammonium or sodium sulphide with sulphur is diluted with four times its bulk of alcohol and then allowed to stand at the ordinary temperature, nacreous sulphur (sulphur III.) separates. At temperatures below 1I" C., however, e.g. at 5° C., the deposit consists of a mixture of nacreous sulphur with the fourth crystal line form, or may even consist entirely of the latter. 

A yellow, crystal line powder, easily soluble in water. As the preparation nearly always contains some basic salt, a clt.solution is obtained nnly mi adding a little acetic acid. 

Polarized light is the must powerful tool for investigating liquid crystals, all of which exhibit characteristic optical properties. A smectic liquid crystal transmits light more slow ly perpendicular to the layers than parallel to them. Such substances are said to be optically positive. Nematic liquid crystals are also optically positive, bui their action is less definite than that of smectic liquid crystals. However, the application of a magnetic field to nematic liquid crystals lines up their molecules, changing their optical properties and even their viscosity. 

Aminopenicillanic acid (2.16 g) is dissolved in 20 ml of a one molar aqueous solution of potassium bicarbonate and 10 ml of acetone. The resultant solution is cooled in an ice-water bath and to it is added with stirring a solution of 2.7 g of alpha-methoxy-3,4-dichloro-phenylacetyl chloride in 10 ml of acetone. The pH is adjusted to 7-8 and upon completion of the addition the reaction medium is stirred for 15 min at ice bath temperature and then for 2.5 h at room temperature, maintaining the pH range between 7 and 8. The solution is extracted once with ether and then adjusted to pH 2.5 with 20% phosphoric acid. The acidic solution is extracted once with 30 ml of butyl acetate and again with 10 ml of butyl acetate. These combined butyl acetate extracts are thereafter successively washed twice with water and reextracted at pH 7 with 0.5 N aqueous potassium hydroxide solution. The aqueous layer is washed twice with ether and the remaining organic solvent is then removed by evaporation under reduced pressure. The washed aqueous layer is then lyophilized and the residue thus obtained taken up in acetone. The crystal line product is collected by filtration and dried to yield the potassium salt of 6-(a-methoxy-3,4-dichlorophenylacetamido)penicillanic acid. Upon treatment with mineral acid of an aqueous solution of the compound so prepared, there is obtained the free acid, 6-(a-methoxy-3,4-dichlorophenylacetamido)penicillanic acid. 

Filtration of the catalyst over a FHyflo pad and removal of the solvent left a yellow crystal line residue. The crude mixture of ketone and potassium acetate was partitioned between methylene chloride (300 cc) and water (1 liter). The layers were separated and the water layer washed with methylene chloride (3 x 50 cc). The organic layers were combined, washed with 3 N... 

Adsorption Isotherms of Nitrogen ond Argon on Reduced Poly crystal line Copper... 

Catalytic reactions over solid surfaces occur at adsorption sites that comprise molecular or nanoscopic dimensions and that arise from termination of the (poly)crystal-line or amorphous solid. The chemical and structural nature of the active mass, in... 

Effect of intrachain and interchain interactions on the structure of crystal- line regions in linear polymers. J. Polymer Sci. 50, 65—69 (1961). 

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