Post-finishing

Acetate and propionate are widely used in eyeglass frames because their properties are well adapled to the post-finishing operations needed. Cellulosics arc frequently used for a variety of home furnishing products, such as table edging and Venetian blind worlds, and fixtures. The clarity of the finished plastic is desirable for such applications... 

Plastic parts can be post-finished in a number of ways. Film and sheet can be post-embossed with textures and letterpress, gravure, or silk screening can print them. Rigid plastic molded parts can be painted or they can be given a metallic surface by such techniques as metallizing, barrel plating, or electroplating. Another popular method is hot... 

It is well known that efficient and proper pretreatment stages are essential for uniform and successful coloration processes as well as for optimum finishing results. A number of mechanical and/or chemical finishes were developed to impart different desirable properties to the post-finished substrates. 

Poly(4-methyl pentene) is produced by the same process and equipment as polypropylene. A post-finishing deashing step, however, is required. In addition, aseptic conditions are maintained during manufacture to prevent contamination that may affect clarity. 

The main applications for polycarbonate in the car interior are lenses for instrument panel displays and ceiling lights. Typical applications for PC/ABS in the car interior are instrument panels where fast cycle times are desired and interior components where impact strength, dimensional stability and high heat performance are required. PC/ABS is also used in many other small application areas such as door handles, loudspeaker grilles, B-post finishes, navigation systems housing and interior trim. A small amount of PC/PBT is used inside the ear, mainly for the manufacture of interior trim. 

After the tests are finished during the post-analysis the NDT properties of AE will be used for the detection and roughly grading of defects within the material. 

Secondary Treatments and Uses. Because hardboard products are utilized in a myriad of different ways, the variety of secondary treatments used by customers are practically unlimited. Hardboards are used in furniture, cabinets, paneling, doors, toys, and a host of other uses. Post-treatments may include cutting-to-size, finishing treatments with roU-appHed patterns, melamine overlays, printed paper overlays, paints, and even some extremely durable and water-resistant coatings used in tub and shower linings or other uses where water contact is frequent and extreme. 

These are water-soluble crystalline compounds sold as concentrated aqueous solutions. The methylol groups are highly reactive (118—122) and capable of being cured on the fabric by reaction with ammonia or amino compounds to form durable cross-linked finishes, probably having phosphine oxide stmctures after post-oxidizing. This finishing process, as developed by Albright Wilson, is known as the Proban process. 

Copper-based thermal stabilizers are also effective photostabilizers for nylon. They can be added before polymerization, or the soluble salts (eg, CuSO can be appHed to fibers as part of the finish or to fabrics as post-treatments. The effectiveness of the copper salt—alkah haUde system added to prepolymer in retarding phototendering and photoyeUowing of the resulting spun yam is illustrated in Figure 5. 

Both fiber producers and fabric mills have realized that many of the performance variants that are difficult to iacorporate iato fiber melt spinning can be accompHshed by post-treating yams or fabrics. Mills ia the 1990s can apply flame retardants, softeners, dye-fade inhibitors, and stain- and soil-resisting agents as part of the finishing of a fabric. 

Quahty control iaspection is a post-, or at best concurrent, manufacture activity. The QC laboratory reports on ia-process and finished product quahty based on testing. Thus QC confirms whether a material has been manufactured in conformance. Sometimes QC also assists the production unit in salvaging process material or reworking off-standard finished product. 

A special attribute of these processes is the abiHty to pre-position reinforcement, inserts, and core materials for stiffening ribs. Gel coatings can be apphed to the mold surface to eliminate post-mold finishing. Because both surfaces of the part are formed in a mold to close tolerances, accurate assemblies are possible, which is a requirement for many automotive or tmck body appHcations. 

Post Treatment. Coated fabrics can be decorated and protected by applying inks and coatings to the surface. Often the finished product is an attempt to simulate the look of leather. This is most common ia upholstery, luggage, and athletic bag constmctions where natural leather is the main competitor, although any number of decorative effects can be created and are used ia produciag products such as waHcoveriag. 

Other decoratively plated coatings produced in quantity are copper and copper alloys. Copper-plated hardware for cabinetry, lighting fixtures, household trim, and other uses is protected using a top coat of clear lacquer. Copper plating finishes are available with a variety of post-treatments to simulate antique or mstic appearances. 

Operation includes nonual start-up, normal and emergency shutdown, and most activities performed by die production team. Whilst inlierently safe plant design limits inventories of hazardous substances, inherently safe operation ensures die number of individuals at risk are minimized. Access to die plant for non-essendal operational people such as maintenance engineers, post staff, administrators, quality control samplers, warehouse staff delivering raw material or plant items or collecting finished product, members of security, visitors etc., must be controlled. 

The urea usually is added to the finished PF-resin and causes a distinct decrease of the viscosity due to disruption of hydrogen bonds [95] and due to dilution effects. There is obviously no co-condensation of this post-added urea with the phenolic resin. Urea only reacts with the free formaldehyde of the resin forming methylols, which, however, do not react further due to the high pH [19]. Only at the higher temperatures of the hot-press does some phenol-urea co-condensation occur [93,94,96]. 

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