Standard of finish

The surface condition of the object to be coated requires specifying extremely carefully if a high standard of finish is required, because powder coating tends to faithfully reflect surface contours and blemishes. 

Mouldings like these were very large (weighing sometimes as much as 5 kg) and were made in very large numbers, so that an important sector of the industry came to be occupied with one type of component. Previously for such work die-cast zinc alloy was employed, and with plastic it was not necessary to carry out the polishing essential to obtaining the necessary standard of finish in zinc. 

For the best finish it is important so far as possible to apply paint evenly and a component with recesses, especially if they are deep and narrow, could well be troublesome in this respect. With configurations of this kind further application of paint, from different angles, may be needed to obtain the standard of finish specified however, it is not always practicable to do this. 

Manufacturing Standard A standard of finish may be set by the manufacturing company, or by the user. Manufacturers offering equipment to industries that expect a particular standard of finish may implement a policy of preparing to a set finish, regardless of the use to which the... 

One of the more difficult features to quantify in detail is welded joints and assemblies. A common way to indicate the standard of finish on welded stainless steel components is by the provision of small examples. It is comparatively easy to achieve any required finish on a small component that is fully accessible and manoeuvrable, but quite a different matter to attain the same quality over every minute region of a large and complex fabrication. To remove subjective judgement as far as practical from the inspector s task it may be useful to have examples of a slightly lower grade of finish, and/or of what is not acceptable at any point of the final equipment, for comparison. 

Supplementary specification (over which any conflicting code requirements take precedence) covering such items as material and component standardization, corrosion protection, standard of finish, inspection, and quality records. 

Various points were mentioned in the reply. One was that the General Electric pricelist was based on the expectation that several repeat orders would be received within a fairly short period. It was also claimed that the CEGB issued a more detailed specification and required higher standards of finish and amenity than US utility companies would be likely to do. Finally ... 

With the introduction of new antipollution standards as well as limitations envisaged for the chemical composition of finished products, current refining flowsheets and especially those beyond the year 2000 will have to adapt to the new specifications using new processes. 

The process of flushing typically consists of the foUowing sequence phase transfer separation of aqueous phase vacuum dehydration of water trapped in the dispersed phase dispersion of the pigment in the oil phase by continued appHcation of shear thinning the heavy mass by addition of one or more vehicles to reduce the viscosity of dispersion and standardization of the finished dispersion to adjust the color and rheological properties to match the quaHty to the previously estabHshed standard. 

AH steps of manufacture are monitored for antibiotic potency, purity, stabiUty, and bioavailabihty by quaUty control methods. In addition, each batch of bulk powder and each lot of finished pharmaceutical dosage form must be certified by the FDA. During all stages of manufacture the FDA requires compliance with specified standards. 

Production Facilities. The manufacture of acceptable cosmetic products requires not only safe ingredients but also faciUties that maintain high standards of quaUty and cleanliness. Most countries have estabUshed regulations intended to assure that no substandard product or batch is distributed to consumers. Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) represent workable standards that cover every aspect of dmg manufacture, from building constmction to distribution of finished products. GMPs in the United States that have been estabUshed for dmg manufacture are commonly used in cosmetic production (6,25). 

Domestic and commercial furniture and fittings form another important market. Uses include stacking chairs, armchair body shells, foam upholstery and desk and cupboard drawers, whilst chipboard and decorative laminates are very widely used. The variety of finishes possible at a relatively low cost compared to traditional materials as well as ease of maintenance are important in raising standards of living around the world. As with other applications the use of plastics in furniture is not without its detractors and in particular there is concern... 

We aim for total customer satisfaction. Customers are those who buy our products our suppliers, our staff, and all people with whom we have contact. We will treat each other with care and respect and strive for excellence in all we do to provide a high level of service to all customers, internal and external. We will thereby provide finished products and services to the highest standards of quality, safety, reliability, and durability. 

In order to verify that the products or services meet the specified requirements you will need to carry out tests, inspections, assessments, etc. and these need to be performed against unambiguous standards of acceptability. You need to establish for each requirement that there are adequate criteria forjudging compliance. You need to establish how reliable is reliable , how safe is safe , how clean is clean , how good is good quality . Specifications often contain subjective statements such as good commercial quality, smooth finish, etc., and require further clarification in order that an acceptable standard can be attained. The secret is to read the statement then ask yourself if you can verify it. If not, select a standard that is attainable, unambiguous, and acceptable to both customer and supplier. 

To guarantee shipment on time, you either need to maintain an adequate inventory of finished goods for shipment on demand or utilize only predictable processes and obtain sufficient advanced order information from your customer. When you examine some of the requirements in ISO/TS 16949, you may be tempted to question how you can continually improve performance, reduce costs, and minimize space, material travel, equipment downtime, process variation, etc. and meet 100% on-time shipments. You can t, unless you have a partnership with your customer in which there is mutual assistance to meet common objectives. Without sufficient lead time on orders you will be unlikely to meet the target. However, the standard does acknowledge that you may not always be successful. There will be matters outside your control and matters over which you need complete control. It is the latter that you can do something about and take corrective action should the target not be achieved. 

A third important factor in the economies of machining is the material of the cutting tool. This largely determines the rates of metal removal, the standards of surface finish and the frequency at which the tool needs to be reground - all of which are interrelated. These can be broadly grouped in three categories, each separated by a factor of 10 in terms of performance. 

A test procedure which has proved very useful was first described by Hatfield. The samples are cylinders 32 x 12-5 mm in diameter with a standard abraded finish which are supported on open-ended refractory boats in a tubular furnace. In the original test the atmosphere, which was produced by burning towns gas with a 50% excess of air, was passed over the specimens at a standard velocity after first preheating to test temperature over refractory packing in a separate furnace chamber. More latterly, natural gas has been used with suitable modification of air gas ratio to give... 

The standard of cleanliness which must be achieved has been stated to be that which will allow the subsequent process to be carried out satisfactorily . As an example, the degree of cleanliness required to satisfactorily zinc plate from an acid solution is somewhat higher than that required prior to zinc plate from a high-cyanide alkali zinc solution. This should never be taken as a licence to skimp on surface preparation. However, the arguments over surface-tolerant paint coatings abound and will probably continue. It is to a very large extent true that problems of early failure in metal finishing are traceable to incorrect or insufficient surface preparation. 

Topcoats over primer are often applied by airless spray. Trends to higher standards of exterior durability have encouraged the use of methacrylated alkyds and two-component urethane finishes. 

EPA. 1986b. Effluent guidelines and standards. Metal finishing point source category. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Code of Federal Regulations. 40 CFR 433. 

When the new materials are developed, there is still the need to determine that they can be effectively and properly applied. This requires investigations in the field of application equipment—sprayers, dusters, etc. The standard machines for handling large volumes of insecticides are not suitable where the dosage is reduced—as it can be—to amounts as low as a gallon of finished insecticide per acre. 

A local builder was contracted to instal the floor. Part of the specification stated that those areas of the internal wall surfaces that would abut the concrete floor should be cement rendered, with as flat a finish as possible, before the base concrete was poured. In the event, the standard of rendering was poor and uneven. The other stages in the installation of the concrete floor were performed satisfactorily. 

Procured products are also commodities with a long life cycle the number of products is relatively small compared to the number of finished products. Customization is limited to standard raw materials. Raw materials considered are not perishable. 

The paint industry recommends P.R.208 primarily for general industrial finishes, in which it is used to a limited extent. Its lightfastness and weatherfastness do not satisfy the standards of a number of applications. 

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