Polyurethane/polymethyl

K. Kircher and R. Pieper, Polyurethane-Polymethyl methacrylate Copolymers, Kunststoffe 68(3), 141 (1978). SINs of PU and PMMA are described. Moldings were prepared. Swellability flexural strength, impact strength, and surface hardness were determined. 

Nayak" studied the glass transition behaviour of polyurethane/polymethyl methacrylate (PU/PMMA) and polyurethane/polystyrene (PU/PS) IPNs. Two Tg were observed in both IPNs showing phase separation. However, an inward shift in Tg is observed, showing some intermixing. The pseudo IPNs and linear blends did not show this inward shift. 

Biomaterials [3] are defined as materials used within human bodies either as artificial organs, bone cements, dental cements, ligaments, pacemakers, or contact lenses. The human body consists of biological tissues (e.g., blood, cell, proteins, etc.) and they have the ability to reject materials which are incompatible either with the blood or with the tissues. For such applications, polymeric materials, which are derived from animals or plants, are natural candidates and some of these are cellulosics, chitin (or chitosan), dextran, agarose, and collagen. Among synthetic materials, polysiloxane, polyurethane, polymethyl methacry-... 

Various polymeric materials were tested statically with both gaseous and liquefied mixtures of fluorine and oxygen containing from 50 to 100% of the former. The materials which burned or reacted violently were phenol-formaldehyde resins (Bakelite) polyacrylonitrile-butadiene (Buna N) polyamides (Nylon) polychloroprene (Neoprene) polyethylene polytriflu-oropropylmethylsiloxane (LS63) polyvinyl chloride-vinyl acetate (Tygan) polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene (Viton) polyurethane foam. Under dynamic conditions of flow and pressure, the more resistant materials which binned were chlorinated polyethylenes, polymethyl methacrylate (Perspex) polytetraflu-oroethylene (Teflon). 

PC PE PES PET PF PFA PI PMMA PP PPO PS PSO PTFE PTMT PU PVA PVAC PVC PVDC PVDF PVF TFE SAN SI TP TPX UF UHMWPE UPVC Polycarbonate Polyethylene Polyether sulfone Polyethylene terephthalate Phenol-formaldehyde Polyfluoro alkoxy Polyimide Polymethyl methacrylate Polypropylene Polyphenylene oxide Polystyrene Polysulfone Polytetrafluoroethylene Polytetramethylene terephthalate (thermoplastic polyester) Polyurethane Polyvinyl alcohol Polyvinyl acetate Polyvinyl chloride Polyvinyl idene chloride Polyvinylidene fluoride Polyvinyl fluoride Polytelrafluoroethylene Styrene-acrylonitrile Silicone Thermoplastic Elastomers Polymethylpentene Urea formaldehyde Ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene Unplasticized polyvinyl chloride... 

Low profile plastics are added to reduce shrinkage during cure. They are normally thermoplastics that include polyvinyl acetates, polymethyl methacrylate, and copolymers with other acrylate, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymers, polyurethane, polystyrene, polycaprolactone, cellulose acetate butyrate, saturated polyester, and styrene butadiene copolymers. More details about the low profile additive (LPA) mechanism are published in the literature. ... 

Tphe surface activity of block copolymers containing dimethylsiloxane units as one component has received considerable attention. Silicone-poly ether block copolymers (1,2,3) have found commercial application, especially as surfactants in polyurethane foam manufacture. Silicone-polycarbonate (4, 5), -polystyrene (6, 7), -polyamide (8), -polymethyl methacrylate (9), and -polyphenylene ether (10) block copolymers all have surface-modifying effects, especially as additives in other polymeric systems. The behavior of several dimethylsiloxane-bisphenol A carbonate block copolymers spread at the air—water interface was described in a previous report from this laboratory (11). Noll et al. (12) have described the characteristics of spread films of some polyether—siloxane block co-... 

Polycarbonates Polyethylene Polymethyl Methacrylate Polypropylene Polysiloxane Polystyrene Polyurethane Polyvinyl Chloride Potassium Bicarbonate Potassium Bisulfate Potassium Bitartrate Potassium Hydroxide Propane Propylene Pyridoxine... 

Phosphoric Acid Polycarbonates Polymethyl Methacrylate Polysiloxane Polyurethane Potassium Bicarbonate Potassium Bisulfate... 

There are two types of maxillofacial implants extraoral and intraoral. The former deals with the use of artificial substitutes for reconstructing defective regions in the maxilla, mandible, and face. Useful polymeric materials for extraoral implants require (1) match of color and texture with those of the patient (2) mechanical and chemical stability (i.e., material should not creep or change color or irritate skin) and (3) ease of fabrication. Copolymers of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate (with 5 to 20% acetate), polymethyl methacrylate, silicones, and polyurethane rubbers are currently used. Intraoral implants are used for repairing maxilla, mandibular, and facial bone defects. Material requirements for the intraoral... 

The effect of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), EVA, and ethylene methacrylate (EMA) on the impact strength of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) blends. 

Erythrulose, L-Erythrulose. See Erythrulose E-S-2. See PEG-2 soyamine E-S-5. See PEG-5 soyamine E-S-15. See PEG-15 soyamine ES-300. See Polyethylene, high-density ES-830. See Polymethyl methacrylate Esacote. See Polyurethane resin Esacure EDB. See Ethyl 4-(dimethylamino) benzoate... 

Polyurethane elastomer, thermoplastic tubing, food processing Polymethyl methacrylate tubing, medical equip, components Polymethyl methacrylate tung oil ingredient Rosin... 

PMMA Polymethyl methacrylate PU Polyurethane Source Author s own files ... 

ABS Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene EVA Ethylene-vinyl-acetate LDPE Low-density polyethylene GP General purpose N/R Not reported PMMA Polymethyl methacrylate PPO Polyphenylene oxide PTEE Polytetrafluoroethylene PU Polyurethane PVC Polyvinyl chloride PVDE Polyvinylidine fluoride Source Author s own files ... 

Dos Santos and Gregorio [48] measnred the thermal conductivity of polyamide 6,6, polymethyl methacrylate, rigid polyvinyl chloride ether, and polyurethane foam. 

This technique has been used to measure the specific heat of polyamide 6, polypropylene, polymethylene methacrylate, rigid polyvinyl chloride and cellular polyurethane foam, high-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene and polystyrene [48], epoxy resins [73], polypropylene [74], polymethyl methacrylate [75], high-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, polypropylene and polystyrene [77], and polytetrafluoroethylene [76],... 

LDPE - low-density polyethylene, HDPE - high-density polyethylene, PP - polypropylene, PET - polyethylene terephthalate, PEEK - poly ether ether ketone, PC - polycarbonate, PPO - polyphenylene oxide, PMMA - polymethyl methacrylate, PI - polyimide, PEI - polyetherimide, PU = polyurethane, PTEE - polytetrafluoroethylene, PPS = polyparaphenylene sulfide, PES = polyethersulphone, GP - general purpose, N/A = not available. 

Carbon-based fibres and materials Polymethyl Methacrylate Polyurethanes Polyamides... 

Values 0.1 to 0.2, SE, self-extinguishing, TP thermoplastic, TS thermosetting, PE polyethylene, PP polypropylene, PS polystyrene, PMMA polymethyl methacrylate, PET polyethylene terephthalate, PC polycarbonate, PAN polyacrylonitrile, PP phenol formaldehyde, PU polyurethane, PVC polyvinyl chloride, N nylon, ABS acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene... 

PA polyamide PET polyethylene terephthalate PMMA polymethyl methacrylate PS polystyrene PU polyurethane PVC polyvinyl chloride and SAN styrene acrylonitrile... 

Tg measurements have been performed on many other polymers and copolymers including phenol bark resins [71], PS [72-74], p-nitrobenzene substituted polymethacrylates [75], PC [76], polyimines [77], polyurethanes (PU) [78], Novolac resins [71], polyisoprene, polybutadiene, polychloroprene, nitrile rubber, ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer and butyl rubber [79], bisphenol-A epoxy diacrylate-trimethylolpropane triacrylate [80], mono and dipolyphosphazenes [81], polyethylene glycol-polylactic acid entrapment polymers [82], polyether nitrile copolymers [83], polyacrylate-polyoxyethylene grafts [84], Novolak type thermosets [71], polyester carbonates [85], polyethylene naphthalene, 2,6, dicarboxylate [86], PET-polyethylene 2,6-naphthalone carboxylate blends [87], a-phenyl substituted aromatic-aliphatic polyamides [88], sodium acrylate-methyl methacrylate multiblock copolymers [89], telechelic sulfonate polyester ionomers [90], aromatic polyamides [91], polyimides [91], 4,4"-bis(4-oxyphenoxy)benzophenone diglycidyl ether - 3,4 epoxycyclohexyl methyl 3,4 epoxy cyclohexane carboxylate blends [92], PET [93], polyhydroxybutyrate [94], polyetherimides [95], macrocyclic aromatic disulfide oligomers [96], acrylics [97], PU urea elastomers [97], glass reinforced epoxy resin composites [98], PVOH [99], polymethyl methacrylate-N-phenyl maleimide, styrene copolymers [100], chiral... 

Structural studies of polymer surfaces materials that have been studied include polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) [22], PMMA-polypyrrole composites [23], poly(chloromethyl styrene) bound 1,4,8,11 tetrazacrylotetra decane poly(chloromethyl styrene) bound theonyl trifluoroacetone [24], polydimethyl siloxane-polyamide copolymers [25], PS [26], ion-implanted PE [27], monoazido-terminated polyethylene oxide [28], polyurethanes [29], polyaniline [30], fluorinated polymer films [31], poly(o-toluidine) [32], polyetherimide and polybenzimidazole [33], polyfullerene palladium [34], imidazole-containing imidazolylethyl maleamic acid - octadecyl vinyl ether copolymer [35], polyphenylene vinylene ether [36], thiphene oligomers [37], fluorinated styrene-isoprene derivative of a methyl methacrylate-hydroxyethyl methacrylate copolymer [38], polythiophene [39], dibromoalkane-hexafluorisopropylidene diphenol and bisphenol A [40], and geopolymers [41],... 

Castor oil has found application in the synthesis of interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs). These materials can be defined as a combination of two polymer networks, at least one of which is synthesized and/or cross-linked in the immediate presence of the other. They are called semi-lPN if just one of the polymers is a network (Athawale et al, 2003). Early reports on castor oil IPNs appeared in 1977 by Yenwo and co-workers. The report discussed the synthesis possibilities via cross-linking of double bonds with sulfur, reaction of hydroxyl groups with diisocyanates, and emulsion polymerizations with saponified ricinoleic acids as emulsifier. Moreover, the IPNs from acrylic polymers, such as polymethyl methacrylate and poly-2-ethoxyethyl methacrylate, and castor oil-based polyurethanes were reported to contribute to the final properties of the material (Cunha et al., 2004 Sanmathi et al, 2004). Incorporation of acrylic moieties into the PU networks increased toughness and thermal properties. In contrast, IPN polyesters derived from castor oil and dibasic acids (e.g. malonic, succinic, glutaric, adipic, suberic, and sebacic acid) were obtained as soft and opaque elastomers (Suthar et al, 2003). 

Plot of slope of the relaxation curve, n, against stiffness index, Ng, for several polymers. Circles are polyurethanes of nearly the same cross-link density, but varying catalyst to prepolymer ratios as indicated [23]. Other polymers and associated references areO - polyisoprene [13,21], - SBR [21,22], polyisobutylene [15,21], 7- polymethyl methacrylate [15,21] and - polystyrene [15,24]. 

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