PAN-based carbon fibre

Fig. 3 The natural logarithm of the average filament strength (n=40) as a function of the natural logarithm of the test length for an intermediate-modulus, PAN-based carbon fibre with an impregnated bundle strength of 5.7 GPa [8]...

Fig. 28.19 (a) A representation of the type of aromatic molecule present in pitch, (b) Part of a graphene sheet (i.e. a single layer from a graphite structure), (c) Schematic representation of the formation of PAN-based carbon fibres. 

Journal of Materials Science 31, No.4, 15th Feb. 1996, p.851-60 CHARACTERISATION OF PAN-BASED CARBON FIBRES WITH LASER RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY. I. EFFECT OF PROCESSING VARIABLES ON RAMAN BAND PROFILES Melanitis N Tetlow P L Galiotis C Queen Mary Westfield College... 

M. Guigon, A. Oberlin and G. Desarmot, Microtexture and structure of some high-modulus Pan-based carbon fibres. Fibre Science and Technology, 20,177-198 (1984). 

M. Guigon and A. Oberlin, Heat treatment of high tensile strength PAN-based carbon fibres microtexture and mechanical properties. Composites Sci. Tech., 27,1-23 (1986). 

Dr ShIndo succeeded In developing PAN based carbon fibre (1961) Toray commercialized PAN based carbon fibre (1971)... 

Toho rayon commercialized PAN based carbon fibre (1976)... 

Source Reprinted with permission from Johnson DJ, Crawford D, Oates C, The fine structure of a range of PAN-based carbon fibres. Extended Abstracts JO" Biennial Carbon Conference, Bethlehem, PA, 29, 1971. Copyright 1971, American Chemical Society. 

Figure 5.23 A schemalic microstructure of PAN based carbon fiber depicting combination of basic structural units into microdomains. A, Skin region B, Core region C, A hairpin defect D, A wedge disdination. Source Reprinted with permission from Bennett SC, Johnson DJ, Strength structure relationships in PAN-based carbon fibres, London International Carbon and Graphite Conference, Soc Chem Ind, Lend, 377,1978. Copyright 1978, The Society of Chemical Industry.

Figure 5.55 N2 evolution as a function of heat treatment temperature, measured by oniine GC anaiysis. Source Reprinted with permission from Fitzer E, Frohs W, The influence of carbonization and post heat treatment conditions on the properties of PAN-based carbon fibres, Presented at Carbon 88, Newcastle upon Tyne, 298-300, 1988. Copyright 1988, The Insitute of Physics Publishing.

Watt W, Chemistry and physics of the conversion of polyacrylonitrile fibres into high modulus carbon fibres. Watt W and Perov BV eds., Vol, Strong Fibres, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 327-388,1985. Johnson W, The structure of PAN-based carbon fibres and relationship to physical properties. Watt W and Perov BV eds., Vol 1, Strong Fibres, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 389-444, 1985. 

Moreton R, The tensile strength of PAN-based carbon fibres, Watt W and Perov BV eds., Vol 1, Strong Fibres, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 445-474, 1985. 

Bennett SC, Johnson DJ, Strength structure relationships in PAN-based carbon fibres, 5 London International Carbon and Graphite Conference, Society of Chemical Industry, London, 377, 1978. 

Bismarck A, Kumru ME, Springer J, Influence of oxygen plasma treatment of PAN based carbon fibres on their electrokmetic and wetting properties, J Colloid Interface Sci, 210(1), 60-72, 1999. 

Rand B, Robinson R, A preliminary investigation of PAN based carbon fibre surfaces by flow... 

King JA, Buttry DA, Adams DF, Development and evaluation of surface treatments to enhance the fibre matrix adhesion in PAN based carbon fibre liquid crystal polymer composites 2. Electrochemical treatments, Polym Composites, 14(4), 301-307, 1993. 

Figure 12.15 Lattice fringe high resolution image from a longitudinal section revealing a hairpin type fold forming a step at the surface of 3 denier fiber oxidized 20 h at 220°C and heat treated to 2500°C. Source Reprinted with permission from Bennett SC, Johnson DJ, Electron microscope studies of structural heterogeneity in PAN based carbon fibres, Carbon, 17, 25-39,1979. Copyrighyt 1979,...

Johnson W, PAN based carbon fibres. Watt W, Perov BY eds.. Strong Fibres, North Holland, Amsterdam, 400, 1985. 

Johnson DJ, Structural studies of PAN-based carbon fibres. Thrower PA ed.. Chemistry and Physics of Carbon, Vol 20, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1-58, 1987. 

Melanitis N, Tetlow PL, Galiotis C, Characterization of PAN based carbon fibres with laser Raman spectroscopy. 1. Effect of processing variables on Raman band profiles, J Mater Sci, 31(4), 851-860, 1996. 

Zhadan PA, Grey D, Castle JE, Surface structure of the PAN based carbon fibres studied by the Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM), Surface Interface Analysis, 22, 290-295, 1994. 

Xiang ZD, Jones FR, Thermal degradation of an end-eapped bismaleimide resin matrix (PMR-15) composite reinforeed with PAN-based carbon fibres. Composites Sci Technol, 47, 209-215, 1993. St Clair TL, JeweU RA, S Nat SAMPE Tech Conf 8, 82, 1976. 

A PAN-based carbon fibre tow coated with a novel, low-cure-temperature thermosetting resin. Hydrosize U-Nyte Set 201 binder. 

Table 5.5 Typical properties of continuous PAN-based carbon fibres (based on BP Amoco Thornel grades)...

PAN-based carbon fibres pitch-based carbon fibres 1.7-2.0 1900-7100 230-390... 

Georgohos N, Jannakoudakis D, Karabinas P. Electrodeposition of pan-based carbon fibres. J Electroanal Chem 1989 264 235. 

Their method of production is summarized in Fig. 28.28c in which atom X represents an arbitrary N content. Processing conditions (heat treatment in particular) determine the mechanical properties of the carbon fibres. Both pitch- and PAN-based carbon fibres (Fig. 28.29) are stronger and have a higher modulus of elasticity (Young s modulus) than those derived from rayon. They therefore have wider applications. Carbon fibres usually require a protective coating to provide resistance to reaction with other elements at elevated temperature. 

Fig. 12 TEM of PAN based carbon fibre in direction parallel with the fibre axis after various final HTT s (1300, 2000, 2700 °C) (25)...

The plates or bundle model of BENNETT et al. (27) has been derived for PAN based carbon fibres. It corresponds to the more realistic multilayer... 

As can be seen from fig. 13, the cross section of PAN based carbon fibres appears in TEM similar to the structure of isotropic polymer carbon (see fig. 8). The preferred orientation which causes the high strength and modulus of the carbon fibres is achieved only in one direction that is parallel with the fibre axis. 

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