Polypropylene applications carpets

As of now, biopolymers are very rare in the building sector, although this sector might prove promising for PLA development in the future. As shown by their use in textile applications, carpet tiles and moquettes can be made with PLA fibre and would be useful in non-perennial uses such as in salons and expositions. Expandable foams are traditionally produced from fossil-based polymers (i.e. polystyrene or polypropylene) and largely used for insulation in building. In 2010, the Dutch company Synbra in collaboration with... 

Binder formulas for carpet backing, aluminum foil to paper, vinyl flooring, tire cord, paper labeling, masking tape, and oriented polypropylene tape applications are available from Midgley and Rea in Skiest [215]. 

In an industrial application dissolution/reprecipitation technology is used to separate and recover nylon from carpet waste [636]. Carpets are generally composed of three primary polymer components, namely polypropylene (backing), SBR latex (binding) and nylon (face fibres), and calcium carbonate filler. The process involves selective dissolution of nylon (typically constituting more than 50wt% of carpet polymer mass) with an 88 wt % liquid formic acid solution and recovery of nylon powder with scCC>2 antisolvent precipitation at high pressure. Papaspyrides and Kartalis [637] used dimethylsulfoxide as a solvent for PA6 and formic acid for PA6.6, and methylethylketone as the nonsolvent for both polymers. 

Similar to phenols, they can cause staining and are often used in conjunction with carbon black filled elastomers (e.g., tyres) — although carbon black itself has antioxidant capacity. For non-staining applications, e.g., polypropylene carpets, a stoically hindered amine is used, e.g.,... 

The propylene equivalent of polyethylene is polypropylene. About 50% of the chemical use of propylene is directed to that use. Other major applications are the manufacture of propylene oxide, isopropyl alcohol, cumene, 0X0 alcohols, acrylic acids, and acrylonitrile. The consumer products you are familiar with show up everywhere carpets, rope, clothing, plastics in automobiles, appliances, toys, rubbing alcohol, paints, and epoxy glue. 

When the polypropylene (PP) technology finally ripened in the late 1950s, the chemicaL.industry was quick to harvest numerous applications. The primary attractions of this thermoplastic were the ease of molding or extruding it and its ability to hold color. Some of the familiar applications are automotive parts, luggage, pipe, bottles, fiber (particularly carpet face fiber and rope), housewares, and toys. 

Polypropylene fibers. A small part of the total fibers market (and therefore at the tail end of this section on fibers) is fiber grade polypropylene. The chemistry for polypropylene fibers is the same as for thermoplastics. The spinning mechanics are the same as that for nylon. Polypropylene fibers are particularly resistant to abrasion and chemicals, and they are lightweight. However, they dont take colors very well, and the materials have low softening points and low resilience (they wrinkle). The major applications for polypropylene fibers are carpet-face fiber and backing (because its tough) and rope (because it is strong and floats in water). 

Figure 16.15 Polypropylene carpet backing is one important application of this versatile plastic. (Courtesy of BP Chemicals, Alvin, Texas)...

Polypropylene is also used extensively in fiber form in textile applications. One third of polypropylene s production in the United States is used as fiber and the worldwide use of fiber polypropylene was approximately 2.5 million tons in 2005. Major uses of fiber polyethylene are carpeting, upholstery, paper and packaging, construction fabric liners, diapers, and rope. 

Polypropylenes are available as molding powder, extruded sheet, cast film, textile staple, and continuous-filament yarn. They find use in packaging film molded parts for automobiles, appliances, and housewares wire and cable coating food container closures bottles, printing plates carpet and upholstery fibers storage battery cases crates for soft-drink bottles laboratory ware trays fish nets surgical casts and a variety of other applications. 

Because reactive types of flame retardants are polymer-specific, their application is limited. There are several reactive flame retardants, specifically produced and all different in composition. For example, there is a 25% pelletized concentrate of antimony pentoxide, bromine and polypropylene resin of various melt flow indices, which is geared to PP fibers for textiles and carpets,... 

Research and development in fluid jet technology led to its widespread use in film and web processing, mixers, reactors, and fiber processing. Applications to fibers alone includes Taslan bulked yams, jet piddlers, draw-jets, interlaced yams, bulk-crimped carpet fibers (BCF), and spunbonded products such as Reemay polyester, Typar polypropylene (PP), and Tyvek olefins. New fibers also were introduced Nomex aramid, especially suited for high-temperature applications Lycra spandex, an elastic textile yam Qiana nylon, with a silklike appearance and Kevlar aramid, used in products ranging from tires to bullet-resistant vests. 

Another use of 4-/ i octylphenol is in the production of uv stabilizers. 4-/ f-Octylphenol reacts with sulfur dichloride to yield the thio-bisphenol derivative, which then reacts with nickel acetate to form 2,2 -thiobis(4-/ octylphenolate)-A -butylamine nickel [14516-71-3]. This type of stabilizer is widely used in the production of outdoor carpeting based on polypropylene fibers. Nickel compounds give a green discoloration which limits their applications. A second class of uv stabilizers based on the benzotriazole stmcture. 2-(2 -hydroxy-5 -/ f2 octylphenyl)benzotriazole [3147-75-9] is produced from 4-/ y-octylphenol (55). 

Polypropylene, produced by an oriented extrusion process, has been uniquely successful as a fiber. Its excellent wear, inertness to water, and microorganisms, and its comparatively low cost have made it extensively used in functional applications, such as carpet backing, upholstery fabrics, and interior trim for automobiles. 

Polypropylene fibers and filaments form the largest market area, which is comprised of several segments with carpeting applications being the largest these include primary and secondary woven and... 

The higher melting point of polypropylene (170 °C) compared with HDPE (135 °C) makes it more suitable for fibre applications, and 30% of the production goes into carpets and ropes. About 20% is used in the form of oriented polypropylene film for wrapping potato crisps, cigarettes, etc. where good clarity is required. 

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