Fibre applications

The newest commercial polymer to join the polyester family is poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) which is being targeted at fibre applications (Chapter 11). It is sold under the Corterra trademark by Shell. After packaging, the single largest use for polyesters is for fibre applications such as clothing, textiles and non-wovens. The technology of polyester fibre formation is described in Chapters 12 and 13. 

In addition, as the PVC tubes contain a plasticizer and stabilizers of which producers do not give information this needs to be taken into account, particularly, when PVC additives may give problems in analytical methods. In this case, other materials may constitute a better choice. The supplier also informs the users that decaying organic material may influence N-NH4 analysis in auto-analyser systems. Another important consideration on polysulfone fibres application for soil solution sampling is the apparent retention of colloidal Fe at the fibre interface (Jones and Edwards, 1993b) which is not entirely clear and should not to be overlooked, because of the high retention of colloidal Fe and its role in the translocation of PTE in soil. 

Fibres PLA fibre applications include apparel, bedding, carpet, furnishings, personal care, nonwovens and industrial textiles. NatureWorks has built up more than 85 leading brand owners, textile manufacturers and lifestyle partners to develop and market products under their Ingeo brand. 

NatureWorks currently offers two biodegradable polymer brands for packaging and fibre applications. NatureWorks PLA is used for manufacture of food packaging and serviceware. Ingeo PLA is used for manufacture of nonwoven textile fibres. 

R. Kirschbaum, J. L. J. van Dingenen, Advances in gel spinning technology and Dyneema fibre applications . Integration of polymer science and technology, 3 Rolduc Conf. Elsevier Amsterdam (1988). 

The higher melting point of polypropylene (170 °C) compared with HDPE (135 °C) makes it more suitable for fibre applications, and 30% of the production goes into carpets and ropes. About 20% is used in the form of oriented polypropylene film for wrapping potato crisps, cigarettes, etc. where good clarity is required. 

At the end of each piece, where the resin and fibre application head changes direction, the fibre orientation changes and becomes unusable it has to be cut off and thrown away. 

The first patents in which isosorbide based polyesters are described are from the 1960s. Most of these were aimed at fibre applications and involved co-polyesters with terephthalic acid and other monomers [18-21]. 

Modern-technology fibre optics offers important and versatile tools in spectroscopy. In the field of vibrational spectrometry fibre optics had a great influence on near-IR and Raman spectroscopy. The development of mid-IR transparent fibres (discussed in chapter 2.3) in the last decades had a significant impact on IR methods (Lendl Mizaikoff, 2002). The fibre application makes it possible to overturn the established method of analyzing samples... 

Asahi Carry out chemical recycling of PET bottles and post-industrial fibre waste. A methanolysis process termed Ecosensor is used to produce DMTA and EG, and is claimed to provide high-purity products which are used in fibre applications ( bottle to fleece system). No intellectual property has been found directly assigned to this company, which suggests that the process may be licensed from another concern. The website is tvtvw.ashai-kasei.co.jp. 

Table 4.7 Elastic properties of typical E-glass WR/polyester hand lay- up systems (fibre applicability range 40-55% by weight).

Rebouillat S, Peng JCM, Donnet JB, Ryu SK, Carbon Fibre Applications, Donnet JB, Wang TK, Rebouillat S, Peng JCM eds.. Carbon Fibers, Marcel Dekker, New York, 526-533, 1998. 

This partially bio-based polymer is mainly used in different fibre applications such as floor coverings and sportswear. The PDO success story is considered as an important milestone from both industrial and societal points of view because it led to the investigation of other possibilities for the coupling of bio-based and traditional monomers (see below for PBS) with further consideration of the importance of the bio-based content in polymeric materials (controlled by the ASTM D 6866 norm, for example), and to the ultimate acquisition of Danisco with its Genencor subsidiary by DuPont in 2011. ... 

Usually aramid composites yield somewhat in compression in a bending test before they finally fracture in shear. This also has a more pronounced negative effect on the SBS values of composites with treated than on those with untreated fibres. Application of the compression correction as mentioned in [7] reduces the intercept of eq. (5) further and leads to an even closer agreement with eqs. (1) and (3). Compressive yielding, and hence the correction for this effect is less for beams with... 

In polypropylene tape applications. HP-136 is very effective when used with a classic phenolic or in a ternary blend and. compared with a traditional binary blend, data indicate that there is potential for a 50% reduction in total stabilizer concentration, with comparable melt flow stability, improvement in colour, and an improvement in water carry-over, again providing a significant margin for optimization of formulation. In polypropylene fibre applications, a combination of HP-136 with a hindered amine and a phosphite shows melt flow and colour comparable with a traditional binary system, but superior gas-fade resistance and UV stability in phenol-free blends. This improvement is seen at 40% less concentration. 

Other plants with fibres applicable for reinforcement are sugarcane bagasse, akwara, elephant grass, water reed, plantain and musamba (Aziz et al. 1981). 

This book focuses on polymers and their fibres defined and detailed in Section 1.2. However, new biodegradable polymers are appearing frequently due to the demand and interest for this technology. Although these polymers have no specific fibre application at press they should be examined in future research and development to afford new biodegradable fibre opportunities and applications. ... 

InGaAs forms the active region for infra-red lasers used in spectroscopy and medicine as also in optical fibre applications for the telecommunications industry (Titantah et al. 2007, 2008). GaAs... 

Lactic acid is commercially used in food, beverages and industrial applications, as well as in pharmaceuticals and personal care products. It is also the monomeric precursor for polylactic acid (PLA). Market growth in the industrial applications segment is expected to result primarily from lactic acid-based biodegradable polymers for food and nonfood packaging, bottles and fibre applications, and lactate esters [16]. 

Kothari, V. K. (2004). Fibre applications in technical textiles. In Proceedings of international conference on high performance textiles and apparels — HPTEX 2004. July 7—9, 2004, Kumaraguru college of technology, Coimbatore — 641 006, India. 

In fibre applications, the high volatility of monomeric HALS such as HALS-1 made it susceptible to loss during post extrusion heat treatments such as tentering. This is presumably related to the relatively high volatility of HALS-1 which is a result of its low molecular weight and... 

---