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Polymer modifiers

Structures of styrene, divinylbenzene, and a styrene-divinylbenzene co-polymer modified for use as an ion-exchange resin. The ion-exchange sites, indicated by R, are mostly in the para position and are not necessarily bound to all styrene units. [Pg.591]

Separation of the anode and cathode products in diaphragm cells is achieved by using asbestos [1332-21 -4] or polymer-modified asbestos composite, or Polyramix deposited on a foraminous cathode. In membrane cells, on the other hand, an ion-exchange membrane is used as a separator. Anolyte—catholyte separation is realized in the diaphragm and membrane cells using separators and ion-exchange membranes, respectively. The mercury cells contain no diaphragm the mercury [7439-97-6] itself acts as a separator. [Pg.482]

Other organic—inorganic hybrids include poly(ethyloxazoline)—siUca, poly(vinyl alcohol)—siUca, poly(arylene ether) ketone—siUca, polyimide—siUca, polyozoline—sihca, poly(ethylene oxide)—siUca, and polymers—modified alkoxysilane. [Pg.260]

Copolymer technology is progressing along two "fronts." First, new appHcations for copolymers are being found to increase the volume of materials that are already commercially available. One example of this is the rapid growth of styrenic block copolymers sold as asphalt (qv) and polymer modifiers over the past 10 years (Fig. 7). Another is the increased interest in graft and block copolymers as compatihilizers for polymer blends and alloys. Of particular interest are compatihilizers for recycled polymer scrap. [Pg.188]

J. L. Goodrich, "Asphalt and Polymer-Modified Asphalt Properties Related to the Performance of Asphalt Concrete Mixes," Msphalt Paving... [Pg.21]

Fraction Molecular weight Unmodified polymer Modified polymer ... [Pg.186]

Polymer-modified cementitious floor toppings are now widely used instead of separately laid granolithic toppings. The polymers used are normally supplied as milky white dispersions in water and are used to gauge a carefully selected sand/aggregate/cement mix as a whole or partial replacement of the gauging mortar. They must always be mixed in a forced-action mixer. [Pg.104]

The electrochemistry of a polymer-modified electrode is determined by a combination of thermodynamics and the kinetics of charge-transfer and transport processes. Thermodynamic aspects are highlighted by cyclic voltammetry, while kinetic aspects are best studied by other methods. These methods will be introduced here, with the emphasis on how they are used to measure the rates of electron and ion transport in conducting polymer films. Charge transport in electroactive films in general has recently been reviewed elsewhere.9,11... [Pg.567]

There has therefore been much interest in the mediation of redox reactions in solution by conducting polymer-modified electrodes. [Pg.586]

Intensive research on the electrocatalytic properties of polymer-modified electrodes has been going on for many years Until recently, most known coatings were redox polymers. Combining redox polymers with conducting polymers should, in principle, further improve the electrocatalytic activity of such systems, as the conducting polymers are, in addition, electron carriers and reservoirs. One possibility of intercalating electroactive redox centres in the conducting polymer is to incorporate redoxactive anions — which act as dopants — into the polymer. Most research has been done on PPy, doped with inter alia Co 96) RyQ- 297) (--q. and Fe-phthalocyanines 298,299) Co-porphyrines Evidently, in these... [Pg.34]

Fig. 3. Steady state concentration profiles of catalyst and substrate species in the film and diffusion layer for for various cases of redox catalysis at polymer-modified electrodes. Explanation of layers see bottom case (S + E) f film d diffusion layer b bulk solution i, limiting current at the rotating disk electrode other symbols have the same meaning as in Fig. 2 (from ref. Fig. 3. Steady state concentration profiles of catalyst and substrate species in the film and diffusion layer for for various cases of redox catalysis at polymer-modified electrodes. Explanation of layers see bottom case (S + E) f film d diffusion layer b bulk solution i, limiting current at the rotating disk electrode other symbols have the same meaning as in Fig. 2 (from ref.
Portland cement is susceptible to corrosion by CO2 and H2S. The chemical attack by CO2 is called carbonation. A microsample technique has been developed to study the CO2 corrosion in cements, because the corrosion is difficult to monitor with common test procedures [264]. This technique is also advantageous as an accelerated testing method. A polymer-modified cement has been tested in field studies [694]. The addition of silica also improves chemical resistance [146], in particular brine corrosion. [Pg.149]

Phenol-formaldehyde polymer modified with ethylene carbonate WiO [1680]... [Pg.331]

Critical expert forums for all aspects related to the analytics of additives in polymers are the ACS Analytical Division, SPE Polymer Analysis and Polymer Modifiers Additives Analysis Divisions or the German Arbeitskreis Polymeranalytik (cf. homepage DKI). [Pg.16]

A.R. Hillman, in Reactions and Applications of Polymer Modified Electrodes, Electrochemical Science and Technology of Polymers (R.G. Linford, ed.), Elsevier, London (1987), p. 241. [Pg.689]

The presence of an active site in the modifier is essential for the formation of polymer-modifier adduct by the in-situ method (method 2) above. Figure 3 compares the degree of binding which can be achieved... [Pg.418]

A discussion of the charge transfer reaction on the polymer-modified electrode should consider not only the interaction of the mediator with the electrode and a solution species (as with chemically modified electrodes), but also the transport processes across the film. Let us assume that a solution species S reacts with the mediator Red/Ox couple as depicted in Fig. 5.32. Besides the simple charge transfer reaction with the mediator at the interface film/solution, we have also to include diffusion of species S in the polymer film (the diffusion coefficient DSp, which is usually much lower than in solution), and also charge propagation via immobilized redox centres in the film. This can formally be described by a diffusion coefficient Dp which is dependent on the concentration of the redox sites and their mutual distance (cf. Eq. (2.6.33). [Pg.332]

Steel or steel coated with activated nickel Asbestos or polymer modified... [Pg.925]

Polymer-modified asphalt is a cold-applied liquid waterproofing system. As with the Sonneborn system mentioned above, the quality of the installation depends on the applicator (it is difficult to achieve an even coating on a vertical surface). High-grade polymer-modified asphalt is superior to coal tar-modified polyurethane in elasticity, crack-spanning ability, and resealability, but inferior in its resistance to chemicals. [Pg.1283]


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Acrylate polymer-modified field-effect

Additives to Modify Polymer Chain Structures

Alloyed or Modified (Two-Polymer) Adhesives

Amine-modified polymer

Analysis of Chemically Modified Structure and Graft Polymers

Antimicrobial polymer scaffold modifiers and surface

Asphalt, polymer-modified

Azo-modified polymers

Azobenzene modified polymers

Cationically modified polymer

Cementitious systems modified with organic polymers

Characteristic properties of modified bitumen and asphalts with thermoplastic polymers

Condensation polymers modified through

Conductive polymer modified electrodes

Corona-modified polymer surfaces

Cross-linking polymer-modified electrodes

Cyclodextrin-modified polymers

Dendron-modified polymers

Electroanalysis, polymer-modified

Electroanalysis, polymer-modified electrodes

Electrocatalysis at Polymer-Modified Electrodes The Steady-State Response

Electrode polymer modified electrodes

Epoxy polymer, rubber-modified

Ferrocene-modified siloxane polymer

Functional Polymers and Other Modifiers

Hydrophobe-modified polymers

Hydrophobically modified polymer

Hydrophobically modified polymers solutions

Hydrophobically modified water-soluble polymer

Hydrophobically modified water-soluble polymer HMWSP)

Immobilization of DNA onto Polymer-Modified Electrode Surface

Impact-modified polymer

Imprinted polymer modified electrodes

Interfacial processes polymer-modified electrodes

Liposome polymer-modified

Macromolecular Modifiers Used as Polymer Processing Aids

Modified Naturally Biodegradable Polymers

Modified bitumen with thermosetting polymers (resins)

Modified condensation polymers

Modified condensation polymers polymer

Modified electrodes osmium containing polymer

Modified natural polymers

Modified natural polymers, biodegradable

Modified polymer defined

Modified polymer examples

Modified polymer surface analysis

Modified polymer surface analysis limitations

Modified polymers

Modified polymers

Modified redox polymer

Modified thermoplastic starch polymers

Modified thermosets polymer networks

Modifying polymers

Modifying polymers

Multiphase polymers impact modified thermoplastic

Nanoparticles polymer-modified

Naturally biodegradable polymers modified products

Non-Thermal Discharge Treatment Parameters on Permeability of Plasma-Modified Gas-Separating Polymer Membranes

Non-conductive polymers on the surface of Prussian blue modified electrodes

Paper polymer modified

Phosphine-modified polymer

Phosphorus-Modified Polymers

Plasma-modified polymer surfaces

Polymer Modified Bitumens

Polymer Surface-Modified Glassy Carbon

Polymer brush-modified nanoparticles

Polymer chain modifiers

Polymer clay nanocomposites modifying hydrophilic surface

Polymer electrets chemically modified

Polymer electrolyte membrane modified Nafion® membranes

Polymer film-modified electrode surfaces

Polymer films modify surface properties

Polymer impregnated concrete modifiers

Polymer lignin modifiers

Polymer membranes modified with nanomaterials

Polymer modification modified through condensation

Polymer modified cement concrete

Polymer modified electrodes

Polymer modified oxide surfaces

Polymer modified oxide surfaces properties

Polymer processing modified surface studies

Polymer redox-relay modified

Polymer rubber-modified bitumen

Polymer scaffold modifiers

Polymer structure modification modifiers

Polymer-Modified Concrete

Polymer-film-modified electrodes

Polymer-modified admixtures

Polymer-modified bituminous roofing

Polymer-modified bituminous roofing membranes

Polymer-modified cement mixes

Polymer-modified ceramic

Polymer-modified electrodes Nafion

Polymer-modified electrodes advantages

Polymer-modified electrodes membrane material

Polymer-modified electrodes transport properties

Polymer-modified glasses

Polymer-modified glasses, silica-type

Polymer-modified mortars

Polymer-modified pastes

Polymer-modified surfaces

Polymer-modified types

Polymer-modified water-soluble

Polymers Directly Produced by Genetically Modified Organisms

Polymers as Rheology Modifiers

Polymers carbonyl modified

Polymers conductive modified

Polymers impact modifiers

Polymers, gels hydrophobically modified

Polymers, methacrylates functional group modified

Preparation of Polymer-Modified Liposomes

Preparation of the Plasma-Modified Polymer Surfaces

Properties of Modified Polymers

Proteins, polymer modified

Pyridinium Modified Polymers

Reactively modified polymers

Redox polymers modify electrodes

Redox-polymer modified electrodes

Redox-polymer modified electrodes characterization

Rubber-modified polymers

Rubber-modified polymers relationships

Rubber-modified styrenic polymers

Silica polymer-modified

Silica-type materials polymer-modified glass

Special Polymer-Modified Systems

Sulphone Modified Polymer

Surface properties of modified polymers

Surface-modified metal-coordinating imprinted polymers

Surfactant-Hydrophobically Modified Polymer Interaction

The Synthesis of Hydrophobe-Modified Hydroxyethyl Cellulose Polymers Using Phase Transfer Catalysis

Thermosetting polymers elastomer-modified epoxy resin

Zeta Potential of Photochemically Modified Polymer Surfaces

Zwitterion Silane-Modified Polymer Latexes

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