Polymerization 1900 resins

Partially polymerized resins of urea are used by the textile industry to impart permanent-press properties to fabrics (see also Textiles, finishing). 

Polymeric resins [81133-25-7], widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries as cation—anion exchangers for the... 

Polymeric cation-exchange resins are also used in the separation of fmctose from glucose. The UOP Sarex process has employed both 2eohtic and polymeric resin adsorbents for the production of high fmctose com symp (HFCS). The operating characteristics of these two adsorbents are substantially different and have been compared in terms of fundamental characteristics such as capacity, selectivity, and adsorption kinetics (51). 

Adsorbent Life. Long term stability under rugged operating conditions is an important characteristic of an adsorbent. By their nature 2eohtes are not stable in an aqueous environment and must be specially formulated to enhance their stabiUty in order to obtain several years of service. Polymeric resins do not suffer from dissolution problems. However, they are prone to chemical attack (52). 

In addition to these uses related to crop production, hydrocarbons are used extensively in packaging, particularly in plastic films and to coat boxes with plastic and (to a much lesser extent) wax. Polymeric resins derived from hydrocarbons are also used to make trays and cases for deflvery of packaged foodstuffs (see Eilmand sheeting materials Packaging Paper). 

High performance composites may be laminates wherein veils of carbon fiber ate treated with an epoxy resin, stacked up to the desired final product thickness, and then laminated together under heat and pressure (see Composite materials Carbon and graphite fibers). Simply mixing together carbon or glass fibers and polymeric resins to form a reinforced plastic leads to a composite material, but this is not a laminate if not constmcted from discrete phes. 

New areas in adsorption technology include carbonaceous and polymeric resins (3). Based on synthetic organic polymer materials, these resins may find special uses where compound selectivity is important, low effluent concentrations are required, carbon regeneration is impractical, or the waste to be treated contains high levels of inorganic dissolved soHds. 

Table 8. Adsorption Capacity of Amberlite XAD-4 Polymeric Resin ...

Kapton resin (5) (113) and Upilex (6) resin (114) are sold as films, partially polymerized resin coating solutions, and sinterable powders. Allied Signal also offers Apical polyimide film. 

As recently as 1986 almost all addition polymers were excluded from the ranks of engineering plastics. However, progress since then has been made in the development of addition polymeric resins such as polymethylpentene and polycyclopentadiene and its copolymers (see Cyclopentadiene AND DICYCLOPENTAD IENE). 

Gaseous and particulate pollutants are withdrawn isoldnetically from an emission source and collected in a multicomponent sampling train. Principal components of the train include a high-efficiency glass- or quartz-fiber filter and a packed bed of porous polymeric adsorbent resin (typically XAD-2 or polyurethane foam for PCBs). The filter is used to collect organic-laden particulate materials and the porous polymeric resin to adsorb semivolatile organic species (com-... 

The number of basic polymeric resin chemistries available for use as adhesives is large and each has their own set of application and performance properties. The ability to further modify these with other chemical or physical additives means that adhesives can be tailored for particular application or performance requirements quite readily. 

Activated carbon should be used to intercept nodes v = I and 2 down to 0.9 ppmw CE. Any interceptions below 0.9 ppmw CE may be handled by the polymeric resin, which can reduce the CE content to 0.21 ppmw. 

Chemically modified polymers have been used to determine polar compounds in water samples (37, 71). Chemical modification involves introducing a polar group into polymeric resins. These give higher recoveries than their unmodified analogues for polar analytes. This is due to an increase in surface polarity which enables the aqueous sample to make better contact with the surface of the resin (35). 

Figure 13.15 Chromatograms obtained by on-line ti ace enrichment of 50 ml of Ebro river water with and without the addition of different volumes of 10% Na2S03 solution for every 100 ml of sample (a) blank with the addition of 1000 p.1 of sulfite (b) spiked with 4 p.g 1 of the analytes and 1000 p.1 of sulfite (c) spiked with 4 p.g 1 of the analytes and 500 p.1 of sulfite (d) spiked with 4 p.g 1 of the analytes without sulfite. Peak identification is as follows 1, oxamyl 2, methomyl 3, phenol 4, 4-niti ophenol 5, 2,4-dinitrophenol 6, 2-chlorophenol 7, bentazone 8, simazine 9, MCPA 10, atrazine. Reprinted from Journal of Chromatography, A 803, N. Masque et ai, New chemically modified polymeric resin for solid-phase extraction of pesticides and phenolic compounds from water , pp. 147-155, copyright 1998, with permission from Elsevier Science.

N. Masque, M. Galia, R. M. Marce and P. Borrull, New chemically modified polymeric resin for solid-phase extr action of pesticides and phenolic compounds from water , 7. Chromatogr. 803 147-155 (1998). 

Polymeric resins such as poly(acrylamide-acrylic acid) [24,25] [cationic resin, pAM-AA], poly(acrylic acid-diallylethylamine-HCl) [20] [amphoteric resin, pAA-DAEA-HCl], and poly(acrylamide-acrylic acid-di-allylamine-HCl [26] [amphoteric resin. pAM-AA-DAA-HCl] and poly(acrylamide-acrylic acid-diallylethylam-ine-HCl) [26] [amphoteric resin, pAM-AA-DAEA-HCl] were also used in water treatment. 

The type of manufacturing process, reaction conditions, and catalyst are the controlling factors for the molecular structure of the polymers [4-8]. The molecular features govern the melt processability and microstructure of the solids. The formation of the microstructure is also affected by the melt-processing conditions set for shaping the polymeric resin [9]. The ultimate properties are, thus, directly related to the microstructural features of the polymeric solid. 

A typical balance of processability and end use performance is the general requirement of polymeric resins. The studies on the different polymer fractions have provided a great support in tailoring the MW and MWD in order to achieve the required properties and eliminating the unwanted molecular species. The increase in low-... 

The polymeric resin used for Merrifield solid-phase peptide synthesis (Section 26.8) is prepared by treating polystyrene with iV-(hydroxymethyl) phthalimide and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, followed by reaction with hydrazine. Propose a mechanism for both steps. 

One of the most important areas of application of the solid-state NMR technique is the investigation of the structures of cross-linked amorphous materials in cases where X-ray diffraction technqiues are not applicable. Polymeric resins are one such important class of materials. A lot of work has been done in this area by several investigators 36,37 38 since the beginning of the 80. Some solid-state NMR data of phenolic resins are presented in Fig. 10. Comparison with liquid state data for... 

The polymeric resin beads fill a need that arises from the instability of silica gel and its products to mobile phases of extreme pH (outside a pH range of about 4.0-7.0) and, consequently, are employed in most ion exchange separations. Organic moieties containing ionic groups can be bonded to silica and produce an effective ion exchange media, but the restrictions of pH on phase stability still apply. It follows that ion exchange bonded phases are less popular than the polymer bead alternatives. 

Kramer, I. R. H. McLean, J. W. (1952). Alterations in the staining reactions of dentine resulting from a constituent of a new self-polymerizing resin. 

In anodic processes conducted at high potentials, radical-type intermediates often are formed that lead to a polymerization (resin formation) of the organic substances and to passivation of the anodes. 

Not all solid poisons will likely be nseful in all media. Many polymeric resin-based poisons swell differently in various solvents. In one solvent, all the sites may be accessible, whereas in others, as little as a 1% of the sites, those on the external surface, for example, may be available. 

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