Applications of Ion-Exchange Polymeric Resins

These materials are widely applied for hardness removal, and demineralization and purification of water, since they have high ion-exchange capacities even at low concentrations of the ion to be removed in solution, and are stable and easily regenerated. 

For demineralization, a set of strong-acid and weak-acid cation-exchange resin columns, and strong-base anion-exchange and weak-base ion-exchange resin columns have been applied [6], 

We have previously described ammonia removal with zeolites. However, the development of new methods capable of effective and total ammonia removal from wastewater are extremely attractive in this regard, the ion-exchange removal of ammonia with a Dowex HCR-S ion-exchange resin has been carried out [79], 

Anion-exchange resins, particularly quaternary ammonium anion-exchange resins, are extensively applied to recover radionuclides from different process waste streams for instance, Pu(IV) and Th(IV) can be successfully recovered from uranyl ions using quaternary ammonium-based anionic resins in concentrated nitric acid [131-133], 

Amino acids are of significant value in the food and pharmaceutical industries in this regard, for the recovery and purification of amino acids from the products of these operations, ion-exchange resins are broadly applied. On account of their amphoteric nature, amino acid charges vary with pH, allowing their fixation to or elution from resins [134], 

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