Polyaniline composites

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The first half of this chapter focuses on thermal imaging, describing the technique and the strenuous requirements of suitable laser-printable materials. We illustrate the latter with polyaniline composites specifically tailored for high-resolution printing over large areas with moderate throughput. Their use in active matrix backplane circuits for large, mechanically flexible sheets of electronic paper is then described. 

Fig. 10.3. i -V characteristics of TFTs with different channel lengths. The source and drains patterns were printed by thermal transfer with a polyaniline composite. 

Fig. 10.8. Conductivity of transfer polyaniline as a function of laser fluence for three different polyaniline compositions DBSA/PANI doped in a 1 1 and 1.25 1 DBSA aniline ratio and DNNSA/PANI/SWNTcomposite. Source and...

Higuchi A, Iwata N, and Nakagava T. Electroconducting polyaniline composite films prepared by chemical oxidative polymerization at gas/liquid interface. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1990 41 1073-1086. 

Figure 4. Cyclic voltammograms of nanostructured polyaniline composite films in strong acid solutions (aq. HC1 or H2S04) (a) GCE PANI/PVS (b) Au PDMA-PSS (c) Au PANSA and (d) Pt PANI-PVS-PESA.

Many modem composite materials are prepared by microemulsion methods. Polyaniline was prepared by one-step micellar chemical polymerisation of aniline with dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid via complex formation [297]. A transparent polyaniline suspension was made by dispersing polyaniline in m-cresol. Polyaniline composites blended with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) exhibits relatively high conductivity at low polyaniline volume fractions and keeps good mechanical properties equivalent to those of PMMA. It should be noted that most methods proposed for the preparation of new materials are at a laboratory level, however, a widespread commercial use can be predicted for the next decade. 

Unde S., Gann J., and Radhakrishnan S., Conducting polymer-based chemical sensor Characteristics and evaluation of polyaniline composite films, Adv. Mater. Opt. Electron., 6, 151-157, 1996. 

Lee, K. R, Gopalan, A. L, Santhosh, R, Lee, S. H., Nho, Y. C. 2007. Gamma radiation induced distribution of gold nanoparticles into carbon nanotube-polyaniline composite. Compos. Sci. Technol. 67 811-816. 

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Z. Zhang and M. Wan, Nanostructures of polyaniline composites containing nano-magnet, Synth. Met., 132, 205-212 (2003). 

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D. Guo and H. Li, Well-dispersed multi-walled carbon nanotube/polyaniline composite films,... 

M. Sivakumar and A. Gedanken, A sonochemical method for the synthesis of polyaruline and Au-polyaniline composites using H2O2 for enhancing rate and yield, Synth. Met., 148, 301 306 (2005). 

Y. Ma, N. Li, C. Yang, and X. Yang, One-step synthesis of water-soluble gold nanoparticles/ polyaniline composite an dits application in glucose sensing, Colloids Surf. A, 269,1-6 (2005). 

T. K. Sarma, D. Chowdhury, A. Paul, and A. Chattopadhyay, Synthesis of Au nanoparticle-conductive polyaniline composite using H2O2 as oxidizing as well as reducing agent, Chem. Commun., 1048-1049 (2002). 

J.A. Smith, M. Josowicz, and J. Janata, Gold-polyaniline composite Part I. Moving electrochemical interface, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 7, 3614—3618 (2005). 

T. Trung, T. H. Trung, and C.-S. Ha, Preparation and cyclic voltammetry studies on nickel-nanoclusters containing polyaniline composites having layer-by-layer structures, Electrochim. Acta, 51, 984—990 (2005). 

M. Ilieva, S. Ivanov, and V. Tsakova, Electrochemical synthesis and characterization of Ti02-polyaniline composite layers, J. Appl. Electrochem., 38, 63 9 (2008). 

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Drury, A., Chaure, S., Kroll, M., Nicolosi,V, Chaure, N., Blau,W.L, 2007. Fabrication and characterization of silver/polyaniline composite nanowires in porous anodic alumina. Chem. Mater. 19,4252-4258. 

Li, L., Song, H., Zhang, Q., Yao, J., Chen, X., 2009b. Effect of compounding process on the structure and eiectrochemicai properties of ordered mesoporous carbon/polyaniline composites as electrodes for supercapacitors. J. Power Sources 187, 268-274. 

Meng, Y, Wang, K., Zhang, Y, Wei, Z., 2013. Hierarchical porous graphene/polyaniline composite film with superior rate performance for flexible supercapacitors. Adv. Mater. 25, 6985-6990. 

Zhou, Q., Li, Y, Huang, L., Li, C., Shi, G., 2014. Three-dimensional porous graphene/polyaniline composites for high-rate electrochemical capacitors. J. Mater. Chem. A 2,17489-17494. 

Cal, Z., Li, L., Ren, J., Qiu, L., Lin, H., Peng, H., 2013. Flexible, weavable and efficient microsupercapacitor wires based on polyaniline composite fibers incorporated with aligned carbon nanotubes. J. Mater. Chem.A 1,258-261. 

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Detsi, E., Onck, E, de Hosson, 2013. Metallic muscles at work high rate actuation in nanoporous gold/polyaniline composites. ACS Nano 7, 4299-4306. 

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