Analytic ideal

The effectiveness of the above described computational procedure was tested by generating an analytical ("ideal") data curve by calculating the isocyanate concentration as a function of time assuming rate constants of k = 1.0/min and k2 = 1.0 A/mol/min and initial concentrations of blocked isocyanate and hydroxyl of 1.0 M. The objective function, for various values of k. and k, for this "ideal" data was calculated and a contour plot for constant values of F was generated and is shown in Figure 2. 

Optical fiber detectors (OFD) are devices that measure electromagnetic radiation transmitted through optical fibers to produce a quantitative signal in response to the chemical or biochemical recognition of a specific analyte. Ideally, an OFD should produce a specific and accurate measurement, continuously and reversibly, of the presence of a particular molecular species in a given sample medium. Additionally, OFD should pro vide maximum sensitivity and minimal interferences fromsuperfluous ions or molecules to obtain low detection limits. Other attractive features include the miniaturization of the fiber s tip to accommodate single-cell analysis and portable instrumentation to allow in situ analysis. 

As stated on p. 28, an analytically ideal sensor would determine the deter-minand both specifically and quantitatively. In potentiometry, this would require an electrode sensitive to one single substance among all the components of the system. 

Considered non-polar for non-polar analytes Ideal for many polar analytes, especially amines Highly polar coating for general use, ideal for phenols... 

Homberg s first Essai consisted of the first article on the principles of chemistry and the second one on salts. True to the French didactic tradition, he began the first article by defining chemistry. He reaffirmed the analytic ideal, but added another dimension—that of synthesis ... 

Kim, Mi Gyung. The Analytic Ideal of Chemical Elements Robert Boyle and the French Didactic Tradition of Chemistry. Science in Context 14, 2001, 361-395. 

All analytical results depend on a final measurement X of a physical or chemical property of the analyte, as shown in Figure 1-2. This property must vary in a known and reproducible way with the concentration of the analyte. Ideally, the measurement of the property is directly proportional to the concentration. That is,... 

Incomplete dissolution of the analytes. Ideally, the sample treatment should... 

A further distinction in second-order instrumentation is based on the mathematical properties of the matrix resulting from a measurement. If the instrument is such that every analyte ideally contributes with a rank one to the instrumental (matrix) response, then this is called a rank-one second-order instrument. The term bilinear is sometimes used in the literature to describe this property. This terminology is not strictly correct, because a bilinear form of a matrix X is X = AB holds for any matrix and does not necessarily mean that the rank of X is one (see also Elaboration 10.1). Not all second-order instruments are of the rank-one type, e.g. tandem mass spectrometry is not a rank-one second-order instrument [Smilde etal. 1994],... 

The example shows that Stahl s analytical method differed greatly from the analytical ideal of analysis followed by resynthesis. He deduced the presence of ultimate principles from his observations of changes of properties of compound substances in chemical reactions. Like Homberg s classification, his classification according to component parts rested not on actual investigations of isolated principles, but on interpretations of experiments with ordinary substances in light of the philosophy of principles. 

A CHEMICAL SENSOR is an analytical device that can measure the concentration of a specific chemical or a group of chemicals in a sample of interest. The basic structure of a chemical sensor includes (a) a sensing material that selectively interacts with the analyte and (b) a transducer (e.g., electrochemical, optical, thermal, or mass) that can transform this interaction into a measurable signal. This signal should be proportional to the magnitude of the changes in the physicochemical properties associated with the interaction between the sensing material and the analyte. Ideally, chemical sensors should operate in a continuous and reversible manner. 

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