Polymer coatings, pharmaceutical

Tarvainen, M., Sutinen, R., Peltonen, S., Tiihonen, P, Paronen, P. (2002). Starch acetate-a novel film-forming polymer for pharmaceutical coatings. J. Pharm. ScL, 91(1), 282-289. 

Torchilin, V. 1998. Polymer-coated long-circulating microparticulate pharmaceuticals. J Micro-encapsul 15 1. 

Kollicoat IR is a unique polymer for pharmaceutical applications prepared by a graft polymerization process of polyethylene glycol (25%) with polyvinyl alcohol (75%). Kollicoat IR dissolves quickly in water and aqueous solutions of acid and alkali and reduces the surface tension of aqueous solutions to allow the solutions to have high spray rates. The polymer film is very flexible, not tacky, and easily colored. The polymer can be used as instant release coating, pore former, binder, protective colloid, etc. 

Torchilin, VP. Polymer-coated long-circulating microparti-culate pharmaceuticals. J. Microencapsul. 1998,75(1), 1-19. Lasic, D.D., Martin, F., Eds. Stealth Liposome CRC Press Boca Raton, FL, 1995. 

Materials used to coat pharmaceutical products are primarily based on acrylic and cellulosic polymers and the aqueous solubility characteristics of these compounds generally dictate their uses. Sustained release coatings are water-insoluble or swellable films through which the medicament slowly diffuses. Drug products coated with these polymers are administered less frequently and the high peak plasma concentrations... 

Lehmann K, Dreher D. The use of aqueous synthetic-polymer dispersions for coating pharmaceutical dosage forms. Drugs Made Ger 1973 16 126, 131, 132, 134, 136. 

The application of NIR for predicting the endpoint of clinical or production scale batches based on the NIR calibration models developed in the laboratory may prove to be very important to the pharmaceutical manufacturer. When drugloading or polymer-coating efficiencies vary, as they do, from lab scale equipment to the larger equipment used for manufacturing, the availability of a rapid on-line or at-line measurement for prediction of process endpoint may save many millions of dollars in time and materials. Although the standard error of prediction may not match the values obtained when... 

Use Intermediate and monomer for fuel-oil and lubricant refining, ion exchange, protective coatings, pharmaceuticals, adhesives, polymer stabilizers, surfactants. Alkyl-substituted forms, called alkyl aziranes, are used as intermediates and for microbial control aziridinyl compounds are also used as polymers and intermediates. 

Use A thickener for paint removers, tablet binders, aqueous film-coating polymers, sustained-release matrix polymer for pharmaceuticals. 

Surfactants are very important in the chemical industry, appearing in such diverse products as detergents, emulsion polymer-based adhesives, surface coatings, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, motor oils, drilling muds used in petroleum prospecting, ore flotation agents,... 

The insoluble cellulose derivatives utilized for permeation control of various species (e.g. oxygen and water vapor transport in coated pharmaceuticals, contact lenses, packaging, or water and solute transport through semi-permeable membranes in reverse osmosis, as well as drug release from reservoir systems) differ considerably in their permeability characteristics according to the type and extent of substitution, as well as their molar mass. However, very few comparative data are available from the literature on the polymers actually used in biological applications. Recently, new results have been published. Thus, Sprockel et al. [142] determined the water vapor transmission through various CA, CAT, CAB and CAPr films at different relative humidities (Table 22). 

Kaunisto, E., Manicci, M., Borgquist, P., Axelsson, A., 2011. Mechanistic modelling of drug release from polymer-coated and swelling and dissolving polymer matrix systems. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 418, 54—77. 

Intestinal delivery using acidic polymer coatings that dissolve at near-neutral and basic conditions, but are relatively insoluble at acidic conditions. Coatings are applied to drug-containing particles, tablets, or capsules. There are regulatory limitations on the use of many enteric materials for food or nutritional work. There may also be daily intake considerations for some in pharmaceutical applications. 

A variety of polymers for pharmaceutical applications and the various embodiments of drugs or preparations are extruded or pelleted and some may be further coated or encapsulated. 

Uses Thickener lubricant binder flocculant wet adhesive dispersant for vinyl polymerization excipient for pharmaceuticals, mucosal bioadhesives, controlled oral drug delivery, transdermal drug delivery, wound dressings, lubricious coatings pharmaceutical tablet binder food-contact coatings, paper/paperboard, polymers, closures with sealing gaskets for food containers... 

Citric acid esters are discussed in the review papers, patents, and conunercial litera-ture. ° " " Citric acid based plasticizers are one of the major contenders to replace phtha-lates (especially targeted to replace DOP). ° Some properties of materials plasticized with citrates can match those of DOP plasticized PVC but the cost of their production is substantially higher. Citrates are extracted from flexible PVC at a higher rate than DOP and trimellitates." Eudragit, which is a choice polymer in pharmaceutical coatings, having controlled release or sustained release properties, performs its functions very well when plasticized with triethyl citrate.The concentration of plasticizer can be used as the parameter that regulates the release rate. 

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