Through films

Permeation through films Detergent effects on blown bottles Discoloration... 

An edible film should have good water vapor barrier properties (low or no water permeation and diffusion through film), which should not increase or increase very little with increasing relative vapor pressure (Lawton, 1996). Films should withstand mechanical stress and strain to such an extent that they do not break easily under a decent mechanical force (Talja et al, 2008). Thus, composition of starch-based films is an important factor influencing its barrier and mechanical properties. Also, starch-based edible films may have an impact on the sensory and textural characteristics of the food. 

This expression is used in discussing the diffusion through films in mass transfer calculations. Note that in very dilute solutions of A the quantity (1 — xa) =1 and Eq. (49) then simplifies to Fick s first law. 

In problems such as the drying of droplets or diffusion through films around spherical catalyst pellets, it is more convenient to use Eqs. (40b) and (49) in spherical coordinates. Then for steady state diffusion in the radial direction alone, one has in the absence of chemical reactions... 

In order to investigate the possible formation of radicals at cutting, the SCL instrument was modified to measure the photon emission during cutting of polymers with different chain mobility. The luminescence emitted while a knife from a scalpel cut through films of different polymers was... 

This type of resonance is apparent for OOTFs that were formed by selfassembling the molecules shown in Fig. 1 on a 100-nm polycrystalline Au film. The films were well characterized in past studies41. Figures 7A present the electron energy distributions obtained for electrons transmitted through films made of molecules I,II and III (see Fig. 1), while Figure 7B shows the... 

Figure 3.2 Top Interaction of the electric field through film i. Bottom Interaction of the...

In stage 2 the pores are emptied. Though the capillary pressure is at its highest level, at the critical point the network may not be compressed further, and the pore liquid evaporates. Liquid is transported through films that cover partially empty pores and evaporates at the surface. The capillary forces reduce consequently. 

The spectra in panels A and C are obtained for the transmission of electrons through films of l- and Dpolyalanine respectively, both bound to the surface through the C-terminal. Panel B corresponds to a film of D-polyalanine bound to... 

Fig. 4 The energy distribution for photoelectrons ejected with a left (negative spin polarization -red, solid) or right circular (positive spin polarization - blue, dashed) polarized laser. The electrons are transmitted through films of l- and D-polyalanine both bound to the surface through the carbon terminal (a and c, respectively), and through a film of D-polyalanine bound to the surface through the N-terminal (b). Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 761 Fig. 2 Copy right permission granted.

Detailed studies of gas diffusion through films of bubbles floating on a surface have been carried out in [482], Either individual gas or a mixture was in the bubbles. Film... 

The comparison of border and film hydroconductivities [7,14] shows that the contribution of liquid flowing through films can be neglected. That is why more realistic proves to be the model of liquid flow through borders. On the basis of this model the following kinetic dependence with three constants a, b and k has been proposed in one of the first papers dedicated to foam drainage [66]... 

The expression for foam viscosity Eq. (8.1 la) contains two terms x 0/y which is the elasticity component, related to the demolition of foam structure, and r, which is a dissipation term, related to the liquid flow through films and borders during the deformation process. The models of Khan and Armstrong [14] and Kraynik and Hansen [43] imply that the continuous phase is in the films, no liquid exchange occurs and the film surfaces are mobile, thus predicting a very small contribution of the viscous dissipation in the films, rj = 13[Pg.584]

R = resistance to the flow of heat through films and plate. ko 1/R total sum of conductances. h and tz = temperature of steam and boiling liquids. 

Cotrone, A. and De Giorgi, C., A Rigorous Method for Evaluating Concentration Profiles and Mass Fluxes in Multicomponent Isothermal Gaseous Mixtures Diffusing Through Films of Given Thickness, Ing. Chim. Ital., 7(6), 84-97 (1971). 

---