Long-circulating

Yokoyama M, Okano T, Sakurai Y, Ekimoto H, Shibazaki C, Kataoka K (1991) Toxicity and antitumor activity against solid tumors of micelle-forming polymeric anticancer drug and its extremely long circulation in blood. Cancer Res 51 3229-3236... 

Gref R, Minamitake Y, Peracchia MT, Trubetskoy V, Torchilin V, Langer R (1994) Biodegradable long-circulating polymeric nanospheres. Science 263 1600-1603. 

Bandak S, Goren D, Horowitz A, Tzemach D, Gabizon A. Pharmacological studies of cisplatin encapsulated in long-circulating liposomes in mouse tumor models. Anti-Cancer Drugs 1999 10 911-920. 

Moghimi SM, Hunter AC, Murray JC. Long-circulating and target-specific nanoparticles theory to practice. Pharmacol Rev 2001 53 283. 

Allen TM. Long-circulating (sterically stabilized) liposomes for targeted drug delivery. Trends Pharmacol Sci 1994 15 215. 

Tokudome Y, Oku N, Doi K, Namba Y, Okada S. Antitumor activity of vincristine encapsulated in glucuronide-modified long-circulating liposomes in mice bearing Meth A sarcoma. Biochim Biophys Acta 1996 1279 70. 

Since the discovery of vesicular structures, termed liposomes, by Alec Bangham, a tremendous amount of work on applications of liposomes has emerged. The use of small unilamellar liposomes as carriers of drugs for therapeutic applications has become one of the major fields in liposome research. The majority of these applications are based on the encapsulation of water-soluble molecules within the trapped volume of the liposomes. Long circulating poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) modified liposomes with cytotoxic drugs doxorubicin, paclitaxel, vincristine, and lurtotecan are examples of clinically applied chemotherapeutic liposome formulations (1,2). 

Phillips W, Klipper R, Awasthi V, et al. Polyethylene glycol-modified liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin a long circulating red cell substitute. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1999 288 665. 

Awasthi VD, Garcia D, Goins BA, et al. Circulation and biodistribution profiles of long-circulating PEG-liposomes of various sizes in rabbits. Int J Pharm 2003 253 121. 

Zalipsky S, et al. Peptide attachment to extremities of liposomal surface grafted PEG chains preparation of the long-circulating form of laminin pentapeptide, YIGSR. Bioconjugate Chem 1995 6 705. 

Riche EL, Erickson BW, Cho MJ. Novel long-circulating liposomes containing peptide library-lipid conjugates synthesis and in vivo behavior. J Drug Target 2004 12 355. 

Corvo ML, Boerman OC, Oyen WJ, et al. Intravenous administration of superoxide dismutase entrapped in long circulating liposomes. II. In vivo fate in a rat model of adjuvant arthritis. Biochim Biophys Acta 1999 1419 325. 

Laverman P, Brouwers AH, Dams ET, et al. Preclinical and clinical evidence for disappearance of long-circulating characteristics of polyethylene glycol liposomes at low lipid dose. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2000 293 996. 

Carrion C, Domingo JC, de Madariaga MA. Preparation of long-circulating immunoliposomes using PEG-cholesterol conjugates effect of the spacer arm between PEG and cholesterol on liposomal characteristics. Chem Phys Lipids 2001 113 97. 

Torchilin, V. P. and Trubetskoy, V. S. Which polymers can make nanoparticulate drug carriers long-circulating Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 1995, 16, 141-155. 

Mezei, M. and Gulasekharam, V., Liposomes — a selective drug delivery system for the topical route of administration lotion dosage form. Life ScL, 26, 1473-77, 1980. Fresta, M. and Pughsi, G., Survival rate improvement in a rat ischemia model by long circulating liposomes containing cytidine-51-diphosphate choline. Life ScL, 61, 1227-35, 1997. 

Woodle MC, Storm G (1997) (eds) Long circulating liposomes old drugs, new therapeutics. Springer Verlag Berlin... 

G.S. Kwon, K. Kataoka (1995) Block copolymer micelles as long-circulating drug vehicles. Adv Drug Delivery Rev 16 295... 

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