Polyethylene Terephthalate Terylene

Polyethylene terephthalate is a condensation product of ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid and one of its trdaenames is Terylene (ICI). It is fabricated as film 

Terylene film is used mainly in the manufacture of food packaging. It is expensive but due to its high strength, it can be used as a very thin film which keeps costs down. When used as a thin film it is sometimes laminated with other lower cost film. Its high softening point renders it attractive in the boil-in-the-bag food market. It is used extensively in drink bottling applications. 

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Condensation polymerization differs from addition polymerization in that the polymer is formed by reaction of monomers, each step in the process resulting in the elimination of some easily removed molecule (often water). E.g. the polyester polyethylene terephthalate (Terylene) is formed by the condensation polymerization (polycondensation) of ethylene glycol with terephthalic acid ... 

The windows of the absorption cell are made from polymer material such as polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate Terylene ) or polystyrene. 

Polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyamide Phenol-formaldehyde-cured rubber styrenated polyester Polyimide (ladder molecules) Polyethylene terephthalate Terylene, cellulose acetate Chloroprene rubber, polyisoprene Heat-resistant polymers... 

Polybutyl acrylate Polyvinyl acetate Polycaprolactam (Nylon 6) Polyethylene terephthalate (Terylene) Polyvinyl chloride... 

That fall, Carothers assistant Edgar W. Spanagel discovered polyethylene terephthalate, the polyester that Du Pont later manufactured under license as Dacron fiber and Mylar film. Carothers had made most of the polyesters, but he and others in his group assumed that Spanagel s polyester, like their earlier ones, melted at too low a temperature to be practical. As a result, Carothers did not have this one tested for spinnability. British scientists later used it to make Terylene. When Du Pont executives had to buy a license from the British to make Spanagel s fiber, their faces were bright red with embarrassment. 

In UK, in 1941, Whinfield and Dickson discovered the polyester fibre called terylene chemically it is polyethylene terephthalate. Teryene polymer can be melt spun into a fibre which is widely used in textile industry. 

The remarkable increase in the Melting point of polyesters formed by the incorporation of the aromatic ring is because of the stiffening of the polymer backbone. Thus, a polyester like polyethylene terephthalate (PETP) has a high Melting point due to the presence of the aromatic ring and is commercially the most popular polymers marketed under the trade name of Terylene or Terene. 

Polyethylene terephthalate) in short PET is a polyester. It is mainly used in the garment industry with or without natural cotton and has trade names such as Terylene , Dacron , etc. As the name indicates, it is a polymer between terephthalic acid (PT) and ethylene glycol. Both terephthalic acid and dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) can be used to make the polymer. A majority of the modem plants tend to use PT as the starting material because of the availability of high-purity PT on a large scale. Both PT and DMT are first converted to bis(hydroxy ethyl) terephthalate 8.17 (see reaction 8.26). For PT this is effected by a straightforward esterification reaction. For DMT a transesterification reaction catalyzed by zinc and manganese acetate is used. 

Polyester fibers, similar to polyamide fibers, represent another important family of fiber. Polyester fiber was discovered in England in 1941 and commercialized in 1950. Two common trade names of polyester are Dacron in the US and Terylene in the UK. The term polyester fiber represents a family of fibers made of polyethylene terephthalate. Dimethyl terephthalate is reacted with ethylene glycol in the presence of a catalyst, antimony oxide, to produce polyethylene terephthalate or polyester. The chain repeat structure of PET is given in Fig. 4.6. Although polyesters can be both thermosetting and thermoplastic, the term polyester has become synonymous with PET. Note that the PET chain structure is different from the simpler structure of nylon or polyethylene. In PET, the aromatic ring and its associated C-C bonds provide a rigidity to the structure. The polyester structure is also bulkier than that of nylon or polyethylene. These factors make polyester less flexible than nylon and polyethylene, and the crystallization rate of PET slower than that of nylon or polyethylene. Thus, when polyester is cooled from the melt, an appreciable amount of crystallization does not result. 

Polyesters constitute a second major class of condensation polymers. The most common polyester is polyethylene terephthalate (PET), which is sold under a variety of trade names (Dacron, Terylene, and Mylar) depending on its use. 

Further reaction and water removal from this system will ultimately give polyethylene terephthalate, well known commercially in fiber form as Dacron, or Terylene, and as a film by the Mylar trade name (Eq. 20.5). 

Polyethylene terephthalate can be obtained by a direct acid - catalyzed esterification. It is also known as Dacron, Terylene or Mylar. 

Polyesters (PET or PETP) (earlier use as Terylene (trade mark), polyethylene terephthalate)... 

In England and Canada and several European countries, polyethylene terephthalate fibers are sold under the name Terylene. In England the film is called Melinex, in Germany, Hostaphan. In the United States the products are trade-marked and marketed as Dacron polyester fiber. Mylar polyester film, or Cronar photographic film base. 

Whinfield and Dixon, in UK, developed polyethylene terephthalate fibers (Dacron, Terylene). This first Dacron polyester plant went into operation in 1953. Easter interchange (also known as ester exchange or alcoholysis) was once the preferred method for making polyethylene terephthalate (PET) because... 

Polyester polymers are materials which exhibit various chemistries but all contain ester linkages in the polymer chain. They have attained industrial importance as moulded materials, fibres, packaging film and as structural materials which are reinforced with fibres and fillers. Chemists, John Rex Whinfield and James Tennant Dickson, employees of the Calico Printer s Association of Manchester, patented polyethylene terephthalate in 1941, after advancing the early research of Wallace Carothers. Poly (ethylene terephthalate) is the basis of polyester fibres and fizzy drinks botdes. The first polyester fibre known as Terylene was also developed in 1941. 

History Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and the first polyester fibre (Terylene ) were patented in 1941. 

Saturated Polyesters (PET, PBT) The most prominent polymer in this family is polyethylene-terephthalate (PET), developed in 1945 as a condensation product between terephthalic acid and glycol. This linear polyester is used as a fiber (Terylene or Dacron ) or a film (Mylar ), but its main utility lies in the domain of bottles for soft drinks. Polybutylene-terephthalate (PBT) has also been introduced as an engineering material in addition to textiles. 

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), known by the trade names Mylar, Dacron, and Terylene, has good mechanical strength up to 150-175°C as well as good chemical and solvent resistance. PET can be blended with cotton fiber to give better crease resistance, and it can also be used as tire cord, magnetic tape, and x-ray and photographic film, to name only a few applications. The structure is... 

Polyethylene terephthalate, PET, is a thermoplastic polyester made by condensation reaction of ethylene glycol with either terephthalic acid or dimethyl terephthalate (Margolis, 1985). By the end of the 1920s J.R. Whinfield and J.T. Dickson discovered PET (BP 578079). It was first commercialized by Du Pont in 1930 (Brydson, 1982) as Dacron , followed by ICI with Terylene Films and blow-molded articles have become very important commercially. 

Condensation (or step-growth) pol3oners are formed by reacting difunctional molecules, usually with the elimination of water. One example is the formation of polyethylene terephthalate (the polyester used for Terylene and Dacron fibres and transparent films and bottles) from ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid ... 

In 1926, United States-based E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co. initiated research in the field of very large molecules and synthetic fibers. This early research, headed by W.H. Carothers, concentrated on polymer which became nylon, the first synthetic fiber. Soon after, in the years 1939 1, John Rex Whinfield and James Tennant Dickson, employees of the Calico Printer s Association of Manchester, patented "polyethylene terephthalate" (also called PET or PETE) in 1941. Polyethylene terephthalate is the basis of synthetic fibers such as polyester, dacron, and terylene. In 1946, du Pont purchased the right to produce this polyester fiber in the United States. The company conducted some further developmental work, and in 1951, began to market the fiber under the name Dacron. Dupont s polyester research led to a whole range of trade-marked products, such as Mylar (1952), which is an extraordinarily strong polyester (PET) film, and others. 

The aliphatic polyester has a melting point of about 65°C, whereas the aromatic substituted dicarboxylic acid has a melting point of 265°C. Thus, the polyester polyethylene terephthalate (PETP) is commercially one of the most popular polymers marketed as Terylene or terene. 

Polyester (aka Terylene) is a category of polymers which contain the ester functional group in their main chain. Although there are many forms of polyesters, the term "polyester" is most commonly used to refer to polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Other forms of polyester include the naturally-occurring cutin of plant cuticles as well as synthetic polyesters such as polycarbonate and polybutyrate. 

Terylene is a polyester having the property of being capable of drawing out into long fibres. Its proper chemical name is polyethylene terephthalate. 

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