Ethylene glycol from

Titanium tetraiodide can be prepared by direct combination of the elements at 150—200°C it can be made by reaction of gaseous hydrogen iodide with a solution of titanium tetrachloride in a suitable solvent and it can be purified by vacuum sublimation at 200°C. In the van Arkel method for the preparation of pure titanium metal, the sublimed tetraiodide is decomposed on a tungsten or titanium filament held at ca 1300°C (152). There are frequent hterature references to its use as a catalyst, eg, for the production of ethylene glycol from acetylene (153). 

Figure 7-4. The Scientific Design Co. process for producing ethylene glycols from ethylene oxide (1) feed tank, (2) reactor, (3,4,5) multiple stage evaporators, 4 operates at lower pressure than 3, while 5 operates under vacuum, evaporated water is recycled to feed tank, (6) light ends stripper, (7,8) vacuum distillation columns.

A new route to ethylene glycol from ethylene oxide via the intermediate formation of ethylene carbonate has recently been developed by Texaco. Ethylene carbonate may be formed by the reaction of carbon monoxide, ethylene oxide, and oxygen. Alternatively, it could be obtained by the reaction of phosgene and methanol. 

Ethylene glycol could also be obtained directly from ethylene by two methods, the Oxirane acetoxylation and the Teijin oxychlorination processes. The production of ethylene glycol from formaldehyde and carbon monoxide is noted in Chapter 5. 

Molded urethanes are used in items such as bumpers, steering wheels, instrument panels, and body panels. Elastomers from polyurethanes are characterized by toughness and resistance to oils, oxidation, and abrasion. They are produced using short-chain polyols such as polytetram-ethylene glycol from 1,4-butanediol. Polyurethanes are also used to produce fibers. Spandex (trade name) is a copolymer of polyurethane (85%) and polyesters. 

Details are given of the Petretec chemical recycling process developed by Du Pont for the recovery of dimethyl terephthalate and ethylene glycol from PETP waste. 

GO [Glycol oxalate] Also called UBE/UCC. A process for making ethylene glycol from carbon monoxide in three stages involving methyl nitrite and dimethyl oxalate ... 

GLYCOL (ETHYLENE GLYCOL) FROM ETHYLENE DIBROMIDE 1... 

Ethylene glycol from ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, tert-butyl alcohol, water NH4Y, 4A, 5A, NaX Methyl alcohol/ water [202]... 

Research is being conducted on the direct synthesis of ethylene glycol from synthesis gas. In one process very high pressures of 5,000 psi with very expensive catalysts Rhx (CO) are being studied. An annual loss of rhodium catalyst of only 0.000001% must be realized before this process will compete economically. At least five other alternate syntheses of ethylene glycol that bypass toxic ethylene oxide are being researched. 

Diethylene glycol is produced as a by-product in the manufacture of ethylene glycol from hydrolysis of ethylene oxide. It is separated from the ethylene glycol by vacuum distillation. 

In stick notation we write these reactions as shown in Figure 2-17. We described the steps by which cmde oil is converted into aromatics such as p-xylene previously. Here we discuss the production of ethylene glycol from ethane. 

You wish to design a plant to produce 100 tons/day of ethylene glycol from ethane, air, and water. The plant has three reactor stages, ethane dehydrogenation, ethylene oxidation, and ethylene oxide hydration. 

Problem 14.56 Prepare ethylene glycol from the following compounds a) ethylene, b) ethylene oxide, (c) 1,2-dichloroethane. 

Ethylene Glycol from Aldrich (spectrophotometery grade) was used without further purification. The experiments were performed at 300 K. 

A better AE value (59wt%) is obtained with the coproduction of ethylene glycol from the methanolysis of ethylene carbonate (entry 2). The AE value is higher when water is coproduced (83 wt %, entries 4—5). The use of urea as a feedstock (entry 3) may also lead to AE = 83 wt%, by coupling the urea synthesis equation. The complete use of feedstock atoms (AE = 100 wl%) has been demonstrated commercially for cyclic carbonate synthesis, but as yet no real case has been reported for unstrained ethers (entry 6). 

In the production of ethylene glycol from ethylene oxide, the conversion of ethylene to ethylene oxide, X, is a function of the activity Zi of the silver catalyst and the residence time Z2. the following coded data are available ... 

Hydration Mono ethylene glycol from ethylene oxide and water hom. 49... 

A shell-and-tube heat exchanger having one shell pass and four tube passes is used to heat 10 kg/s of ethylene glycol from 20 to 40°C on the shell side 15 kg/s of water entering at 70°C is used in the tubes. The overall heat-transfer coefficient is 40 W/m2 °C. Calculate the area of the heat exchanger. 

In the 1970s Union Carbide had reported the use of rhodium with promoters such as amines, carboxylates, etc. for the synthesis of ethylene glycol from CO plus H2. Manufacture of ethylene glycol by this route, however, was never commercialized. The mechanism of this reaction is not understood. Both mononuclear and polynuclear (cluster) rhodium carbonyls can be seen by NMR and IR spectroscopy under conditions approximating that of the catalytic reaction. The question as to whether the catalytic intermediates are mononuclear or cluster has not been answered with any certainty so far. 

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