Polyethoxylated amines

Description. These surfactants can be considered as cationic or nonionic, depending on the degree of ethoxylation and on the pH at which they are used. Polyethoxylated amines are formed by ethoxylation of primary or secondary fatty amines. Because the ethylene oxide reacts primarily with the amine group, there is small amount of residual free amine. With primary amines, the ethoxylation takes place initially on both hydrogens directly linked to the nitrogen and is pursued afterward on the terminal hydroxyl groups. Diamines or polyamines can be ethoxylated similarly, like straight amines, amidoamines can also be ethoxylated. 

Polyethoxylated amines are not readily biodegradable. Degradation occurs by initial attack on the alkyl chain and is independent of chain length. In general, the biodegradation of ethoxylated amines worsens with increasing EO content. The converse is true for ethoxylated quats. Asymmetric polyethoxylated amines exhibit better biodegradability. 

Most of the inhibitors in use are organic nitrogen compounds and these have been classified by Bregman as (a) aliphatic fatty acid derivatives, b) imidazolines, (c) quaternaries, (d) rosin derivatives (complex amine mixtures based on abietic acid) all of these will tend to have long-chain hydrocarbons, e.g. CigH, as part of the structure, (e) petroleum sulphonic acid salts of long-chain diamines (preferred to the diamines), (/) other salts of diamines and (g) fatty amides of aliphatic diamines. Actual compounds in use in classes (a) to d) include oleic and naphthenic acid salts of n-tallowpropylenediamine diamines RNH(CH2) NH2 in which R is a carbon chain of 8-22 atoms and x = 2-10 and reaction products of diamines with acids from the partial oxidation of liquid hydrocarbons. Attention has also been drawn to polyethoxylated compounds in which the water solubility can be controlled by the amount of ethylene oxide added to the molecule. 

Ethoxylated methylcarboxylates Propoxyethoxy glyceryl sulfonate Alkylpropoxyethoxy sulfate as surfactant, xanthan, and a copolymer of acrylamide and sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonate Carboxymethylated ethoxylated surfactants (CME) Polyethylene oxide (PEG) as a sacrificial adsorbate Polyethylene glycols, propoxylated/ethoxylated alkyl sulfates Mixtures of sulfonates and nonionic alcohols Combination of lignosulfonates and fatty amines Alkyl xylene sulfonates, polyethoxylated alkyl phenols, octaethylene glycol mono n-decyl ether, and tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride Anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), cationic tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (TTAC), nonionic pentadecylethoxylated nonylphenol (NP-15), and nonionic octaethylene glycol N-dodecyl ether Dimethylalkylamine oxides as cosurfactants and viscosifiers (N-Dodecyl)trimethylammonium bromide Petrochemical sulfonate and propane sulfonate of an ethoxylated alcohol or phenol Petrochemical sulfonate and a-olefin sulfonate... 

Organic chemicals that are susceptible to oxidation and are of concern from the perspective of contamination and environmental degradation include aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones phenols, polyphenols, and hydroquinones sulfides (thiols) and sulfoxides nitriles, amines, and diamines nitrogen and sulfur heterocyclic compounds mono- and di-halogenated aliphatics linear alkybenzene-sulfonate and nonylphenol polyethoxylate surfactants and thiophosphate esters. Table... 

Dominant ions in the spectra of polyethoxylated fatty acids are due to the ring-stabilised lEO fragment [14]. Fragment ions in the spectra of polyethoxylated fatty amines... 

Chem. Descrip. Proprietary blend of polyethoxylated alkyl amines (Cg.C,8), alkyl POE glycols, and org. acids... 

Mkyl (C13-15) dimethylamine. See Dimethyl C13-15 alkyl amine All l C16-18 methyl esters. See Methyl canolate All l (C13) polyethoxylates (ethoxy 5). See Trideceth-6 All l (C-14) polyethoxylates (ethoxy-7). See Myreth-7 n-Alkyl (C10-18) sulfonic acids, sodium salts. See Sodium C10-18 alkyl sulfonate... 

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