Thiophosphate esters

Maes RA. 1975. Organic thiophosphate esters (type A B procedures). In Sunshine 1, ed. Methodology for analytical toxicology. Vol. 1, Cleveland, OH CRC Press, Inc., 288-291. 

As discussed in Section 2.5.1, the detection of certain thiophosphate esters in human urine may indicate exposure to disulfoton and/or other organophosphate insecticides. Several methods are available for the quantitation of organophosphorus metabolites from urine (Bradway et al. 1981 Daughton et al. 1976 Lores and Bradway 1977 Shafik et al. 1973). 

When trying to understand the reactivity of phosphate and thiophosphate esters, it is important to realize that such compounds may react like alkyl halides by nucleo-... 

Several corrosion inhibitors such as polyamide, polyamine, dithiocarbamate, thiophosphate ester, organic acid, sulfide, and selenide types have all been tried in methanol without significant success [3.5]. Similarly, nonmetallic coatings of metals to effectively prevent corrosion have not been developed to date. One application where coatings have proven effective is in prevention of anodic dissociation of fuel pumps immersed in methanol. Since methanol is many times more conductive than gasoline, components such as fuel pumps and electrical fuel level gauges can cause induced currents that in turn remove metal from these... 

These processes are general and any reaction that involves the loss of thiol or thiolate is accelerated by the addition of soft metal cations, especially mercury(n). Thioesters and thiophosphate esters are readily hydrolysed by treatment with aqueous mercury(n) or silver(i) salts. Thus, the reaction of silver fluoride with diethyl ethylthiophosphonate... 

Organic chemicals that are susceptible to oxidation and are of concern from the perspective of contamination and environmental degradation include aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones phenols, polyphenols, and hydroquinones sulfides (thiols) and sulfoxides nitriles, amines, and diamines nitrogen and sulfur heterocyclic compounds mono- and di-halogenated aliphatics linear alkybenzene-sulfonate and nonylphenol polyethoxylate surfactants and thiophosphate esters. Table... 

Thiophosphate, esters Petet or CeHe/CHCI3 or Ac or EtOH or EtOAc or MeOH 93... 

A number of phosphate and thiophosphate esters are of limited thermal stability and undergo highly exothemiic self-accelerating decomposition reactions which may be further catalysed by impurities. The potential hazards can be reduced by appropriate thermal control measures. An example is the substitution of hot water at 60 C for pressurised steam to melt a solid phosphate ester, which on adiabatic calorimetric examination was found to have a time to maximum decomposition rate of 6 h at 110° but 11 h at lOO C [2]. The combined use of vapour phase pyrolysis to decompose various phosphoms esters, and of GLC and mass spectrometry to analyse the pyrolysis products, allowed a thermal degradation scheme to be developed for phosphorus esters [3]. Individually indexed compounds are ... 

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