Nonylphenol polyethoxylated

John DM, GF White (1998) Mechanism for biotransformation of nonylphenol polyethoxylates to xenoestro-gens in Peudomonas putida. J Bacterial 180 4332-4338. 

Ahel M, Giger W, Molnar E, Ibric S (2000) Determination of nonylphenol polyethoxylates and their lipophilic metabolites in sewage effluents by normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection. Croat Chem Acta 73 209-227... 

Makarova, N. M. and Kulapina, E. G. (2009). Quantification of binary and ternary mixtures of homologous nonylphenol polyethoxylates using the potentiometric sensor array. Electroanalysis 21(3-5), 521-529. 

Organic chemicals that are susceptible to oxidation and are of concern from the perspective of contamination and environmental degradation include aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones phenols, polyphenols, and hydroquinones sulfides (thiols) and sulfoxides nitriles, amines, and diamines nitrogen and sulfur heterocyclic compounds mono- and di-halogenated aliphatics linear alkybenzene-sulfonate and nonylphenol polyethoxylate surfactants and thiophosphate esters. Table... 

Ahel, M., F.E. Scully Jr, J. Hoigne, and W. Giger. 1994. Photochemical degradation of nonylphenol and nonylphenol polyethoxylates in natural waters. Chemosphere 28, 1361-1368. 

Martinez, E., O. Gans, H. Weber, et al. 2004. Analysis of nonylphenol polyethoxylates and their metabolites in water samples by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray mass spectrometry detection. Water Sci. Technol. 50 157-163. 

The surfactant nonylphenol polyethoxylate is readily biodegradable, whereas its biodegradation products are persistent. See Figure 9.19. 

Figure 9.19. Degradation products of the surfactant nonylphenol polyethoxylate.

Nonylphenol polyethoxylates Nonylphenoxy polyethoxy MAKON Stepan... 

Ding WH, Tsing SH (1998) Analysis of nonylphenol polyethoxylate and their degradation products in river water and sewage effluents by gas... 

Shang, D. Y., Ikonomou, M. G., and Macdonald, R. W., Quantitative determination of nonylphenol polyethoxylate surfactants in marine sediment using normal-phase liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. A, 849, 467-482, 1999. 

Lee, H. B., Peart, T. E., Bennie, D. T., and Maguire, R. J., Determination of nonylphenol polyethoxylates and their carboxylic acid metabolites in sewage treatment plant sludge by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction, J. Chromatogr. A, 785, 385-394, 1997. 

Sodium anacardate is an excellent soap the water solubility of which has been used in a subsequent reaction (ref. 283). There has been, following work on the preparation of cardanol polyethoxylate (ref.284,285,286), by the reaction of cardanol with ethylene oxide at 180 C in the presence of a catalytic amount of potassium hydroxide, considerable interest in its ready biodegradability compared with that of ethoxylates derived from t-nonylphenol (ref.287). The individual ethoxy late oligomers were synthesised having values of n = 1 to 6 to identify the oligomers present in cardanol polyethoxylate and the ready biodegradation of cardanol and to a lesser extent that of of cardol polyethoxylates quantitatively established in comparison with that of t-nonylphenol polyethoxylate which remain comparatively undegraded. 

S. Horikoshi, N. Watanabe, H. Onishi, H. Hidaka, N. Serpone, Photodecomposition of a nonylphenol polyethoxylate surfactant in a cylindrical photoreactor with Ti02 immobilized fiberglass cloth . Applied Catalysis B Environmental, 37, 117-129, (2002). 

JP has been calciflated for 16 current-use pesticides [8], the surfactant nonylphenol polyethoxylate (NPnEO), and the solvent perchloroethylene [5], based on a thorough compilation of experimental data on compound properties and transformation schemes (if such data are not available, they have to be estimated as described in Sect. 4.2). hi Fig. 2, the JP results for the 18 compounds are displayed. 

An interesting phenomenon has been observed on reduction of iron. The surfactant chemistry has influenced the iron crystal structure. If the anionic surfactants (such as AOT) are used, we obtain a-Fe with a body-centered (bcc) crystal structure [198]. If the nonylphenol polyethoxylate surfactant is used, the crystals with the face-centered (fee) lattice are formed [199]. Similar data are known for metallic alloys. For this purpose, a mixture of metal salts has been subjected to the joint reduction [200]. It is essential that the reduction happens simultaneously with the formation of multication phases. 

Nonylphenol polyethoxylates and their degradation products have been detected in river water and sewage effluent by GC-ion trap (tandem) MS with electron impact (El) and chemical ionization, which was followed by direct GC-MS analysis in EI-MS, chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS), or CIMS—MS modes. 

Di Corcia, A. et al, Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of linear alkylbenzene sulphonates, nonylphenol polyethoxylates and their carboxylic biotransformation products. Anal. Chem., 65, 907,1993. 

Capek and Chudej [87] studied the emulsion polymerization of styrene stabilized by polyethylene oxide sorbitan monolaurate with an average of 20 monomeric units of ethylene oxide per molecule (Tween 20) and initiated by the redox system of ammonium persulfate and sodium thiosulfite. It is interesting to note that the constant reaction rate period is not present in this polymerization system. The maximal rate of polymerization is proportional to the initiator and surfactant concentrations to the -0.45 and 1.5 powers, respectively. The final number of latex particles per unit volume of water is proportional to the initiator and surfactant concentrations to the 0.32 and 1.3 powers, respectively. In addition, the resultant polymer molecular weight is proportional to the initiator and surfactant concentrations to the 0.62 and -0.97 powers, respectively. Some possible reaction mechanisms may explain the deviation of the polymerization system from the classical Smith-Ewart theory. Lin et al. [88] investigated the emulsion polymerization of styrene stabilized by nonylphenol polyethoxylate with an average of 40 monomeric units of ethylene oxide per molecule (NP-40) and initiated by sodium persulfate. The rate of polymerization versus monomer conversion curves exhibit two nonsta-tionary reaction rate intervals and a vague constant rate period in between. 

Chem. Descrip. Nonylphenol polyethoxylated Ionic Nature Nonionic CAS 901645-9 UN 3082... 

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