Polyether fiber

Among the most interesting synthetic fibers are nylon and its various brands (they are called polyamide fibers as they are built from polyamide molecular chains), terylene (polyether fibers), and lastly orlon and acrylon (polyacryl nitrile fibers). 

Enzymes are used to improve sorption properties of cellulose fibers, to increase specific area and volume of fibers, to remove pectin companions of cotton and linen cellulose. Enzymes also hydrolyze ether bonds on the surface of polyether fibers. 

To produce a spandex fiber by reaction spinning, a 1000—3500 molecular weight polyester or polyether glycol reacts with a diisocyanate at a molar ratio of about 1 2. The viscosity of this isocyanate-terrninated prepolymer may be adjusted by adding small amounts of an inert solvent, and then extmded into a coagulating bath that contains a diamine so that filament and polymer formation occur simultaneously. Reactions are completed as the filaments are cured and solvent evaporated on a belt dryer. After appHcation of a finish, the fibers are wound on tubes or bobbins and rewound if necessary to reduce interfiber cohesion. 

Poly(phenylene ether). The only commercially available thermoplastic poly(phenylene oxide) PPO is the polyether poly(2,6-dimethylphenol-l,4-phenylene ether) [24938-67-8]. PPO is prepared by the oxidative coupling of 2,6-dimethylphenol with a copper amine catalyst (25). Usually PPO is blended with other polymers such as polystyrene (see PoLYETPiERS, Aromatic). However, thermoplastic composites containing randomly oriented glass fibers are available. 

Like evaporators, RO works on most plating baths and rinse tanks. Most RO systems consist of a housing that contains a membrane and feed pump. There are four basic membrane designs plate-and-frame, spiral-wound, tubular, and hollow-fiber. The most common types of membrane materials are cellulose acetate, polyether/amide, and polysulfones.29... 

The Material of the Example. Poly(ether ester) (PEE) materials are thermoplastic elastomers. Fibers made from this class of multiblock copolymers are commercially available as Sympatex . Axle sleeves for automotive applications or gaskets are traded as Arnitel or Hytrel . Polyether blocks form the soft phase (matrix). The polyester forms the hard domains which provide physical cross-linking of the chains. This nanostructure is the reason for the rubbery nature of the material. 

Polyether-foZoc/ -polyesther, 7 646 Polyether diols, 14 271 20 76 25 476 Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) fibers,... 

Structural steels, tellurium in, 24 425 Structure(s), see also Chain structure Chemical structures Cocontinuous structures Controlled structure Crystal structure Molecular structure Morphology Phase structure of carbon fibers, 26 737-739 detersive systems for, 8 413t HDPE, 20 157-162 LLDPE, 20 182-184, 203-205 polyesterether elastomer, 20 72-73 polyester fiber, 20 21 polyether antibiotics, 20 137-139 polyimide, 20 276-278 polymer, 20 395-405 protein, 20 449 PTT, 20 68t... 

Tuz Golu (lake), 5 784 Tversky similarity, 6 8 T vessicant agent, 5 816 physical properties, 5 817t Twaron fiber, 13 373 Tween surfactants, 24 150 12-membered ring macrolides, 15 272, 275t 2,6-TDI, reaction with a polyether triol, 25 459. See also Toluene diisocyanate (TDI)... 

The unique surface characteristics of polysiloxanes mean that they are extensively used as surfactants. Silicone surfactants have been thoroughly studied and described in numerous articles. For an extensive, in-depth discussion of this subject, a recent chapter by Hill,476 and his introductory chapter in the monograph he later edited,477 are excellent references. In the latter monograph, many aspects of silicone surfactants are described in 12 chapters. In the introduction, Hill discusses the chemistry of silicone surfactants, surface activity, aggregation behavior of silicone surfactants in various media, and their key applications in polyurethane foam manufacture, in textile and fiber industry, in personal care, and in paint and coating industries. All this information (with 200 cited references) provides a broad background for the discussion of more specific issues covered in other chapters. Thus, surfactants based on silicone polyether co-polymers are surveyed.478 Novel siloxane surfactant structures,479 surface activity and aggregation phenomena,480 silicone surfactants application in the formation of polyurethane foam,481 foam control and... 

K. Suziki, K. Tohda, Y. Tanda, H. Ohzora, S. Nishihama, H. Inoue, and T. Shirai, Fiber-optic magnesium and calcium ion sensor based on a neutral carboxylic polyether antibiotic, Anal. Chem. 61, 382-384 (1989). 

A fiber spinning dope is prepared by mixing the polysulfone, solvent and a nonionic surfactant. A preferred solvent is di-methylformamide (DMF) a preferred surfactant is an alkylaryl polyether alcohol. The dope is prepared such that its bulk viscosity is typically between 9000 and 12000 poises. Successful dopes demand control of the mode of addition, degree of polymer comminution, the temperature protocol and agitation rate. The dope is typically filtered through a 10 micron filter under pressure prior to spinning. 

Estapol, a blend of polyester/polyether resins NA, not available PBA, polybutyl acrylate PUV, polyurethane varnish PVAL, polyvinylalcohol SVF, silicone vacuum fluid fiber volume fraetion. 

A number of plastics are condensation polymers and include polyesters and nylons that are not as highly oriented as the same materials but in fiber form. Other plastics have been developed that have outstanding heat stability, strength, and other properties that allow their wide use. These plastics include polycarbonates, polyimides, polybenzimidazoles, polysulfides, polyethers, polysulfones, and polyketones. 

Spandex Elastic fiber consisting of a block copolymer of a PU, hard segment, and a polyester or polyether, soft segment. 

EMA copolymer Acrylic Polyester fiber Polyamide copolymer with polyether/polyester Epoxy and PVC powders Nylon-6 Acrylic fibers Poromeric film Vinyl Vinyl PVC... 

Expandable PS Thermoplastic urethane Abietic acid derivatives Polyester fiber Chlorinated polyether resins Butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymers Melamine resin Polyurethane filament Cast epoxy Nylon-6... 

The primary resin of interest is epoxy. Carbon-fiber-epoxy composites represent about 90% of CFRP production. The attractions of epoxy resins are that they polymerize without the generation of condensation products that can cause porosity, they exhibit little volumetric shrinkage during cure which reduces internal stresses, and they are resistant to most chemical environments. Other matrix resins of interest for carbon fibers include the thermosetting phenolics, polyimides, and polybismaleimides, as well as high-temperature thermoplastics such as polyether ether ketone (PEEK), polyethersulfone (PES), and polyphenylene sulfide. 

Among the more common thermoplastics from ring opening polymerization of interest in composite processing are polylactams, polyethers, polyacetals, and polycycloolefins. It has also been shown that polycarbonates can be produced from cyclic carbonates [22], Anionic ring opening polymerization of caprolactam to nylon 6 is uniquely suited to form a thermoplastic matrix for fiber-reinforced composites, specifically by the reaction injection pultrusion process [23-25]. The fast reaction kinetics with no by-products and the crystalline... 

The routes give, using well-known condensation and radical reactions, bakelites (I), polyazophenylenes (II), polyimides (III), polyurethanes (IV), nitro compounds and polyamides (V), aromatic polyethers and polyesters (VI), polychalcones (VII), polyphenylene sulfides (IX), ammonia lignin (X), carbon fibers (XI), silicones (XII), and phosphorus esters (XIII). In addition, radiation and chemical grafting can be used to obtain polymers of theoretical interest and practical use. Although the literature on the above subject is very large, there are comprehensive summaries available (1,28,69). 

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