Polycaprolactones nanocomposites

Peng, H., Han, Y., Liu, T., Tjiu, W.C., He, C. Morphology and thermal degradation behavior of highly exfoliated CoAl-layered double hydroxide/polycaprolactone nanocomposites prepared by simple solution intercalation. Thermochim. Acta 502, 1-7 (2010)... 

S chez-Garcia, M. D., Gimenez, E., Ocio, M. J., and I agaron, J. M. Novel polycaprolactone nanocomposites containing thymol of interest in antimicrobial film and coating applications. J. Plastic Film Sheeting, 24, 239-241 (2008). 

Saeed, K., et al.. Preparation of electrospun nanoiibers of carbon nanotube/polycaprolactone nanocomposite.Po/twier.2006,47(23), 8019 8025. 

Rheological studies of PET nanocomposites are not ample, but show very interesting features. In the low frequency range, the nanocomposites display a more elastic behavior than that of PET. It appears that there are some physical network structures formed due to filler interactions, collapsed by shear force, and after all the interactions have collapsed, the melt state becomes isotropic and homogeneous. Linear viscoelastic properties of polycaprolactone and Nylon-6 [51] with MMT display a pseudo-solidlike behavior in the low frequency range of... 

Besides melt intercalation, described above, in situ intercalative polymerization of E-caprolactone (e-CL) has also been used [231] to prepare polycaprolactone (PCL)-based nanocomposites. The in situ intercalative polymerization, or monomer exfoliation, method was pioneered by Toyota Motor Company to create nylon-6/clay nanocomposites. The method involves in-reactor processing of e-CL and MMT, which has been ion-exchanged with the hydrochloride salt of aminolauric acid (12-aminodecanoic acid). Nanocomposite materials from polymers such as polystyrene, polyacrylates or methacrylates, styrene-butadiene rubber, polyester, polyurethane, and epoxy are amenable to the monomer approach. 

M., Dubois, R, Vapor barrier properties of polycaprolactone montmo-rillonite nanocomposites Effect of clay dispersion. 2271-... 

Shafiei Sabet, S. tmd Katbab, A.A. (2009) Interfacially compatibilized poly(lactic acid) and poly(lactic acid)/polycaprolactone/organoclay nanocomposites with improved biodegradability and barrier properties effects of the compatibUizer stnictural parameters and feeding route. Jourrtal of Applied Polymer Science, 111, 1954-1963. 

J.-M. Thomassin, C. Pagnoulle, L. Bednarz, I. Huynen, R. Jerome, C. Detrembleur, Foams of Polycaprolactone/MWNT Nanocomposites for Efficient EMI Reduction. J Mater Chem 2008,18,792. 

Thomas, V., Jagani, S., Johnson, K., Jose, M.V., Dean, D.R., Vohra, Y.K., Nyairo, E. Electrospun bioactive nanocomposite scaffolds of polycaprolactone and nanohydroxyapatite for bone tissue engineering. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 6,487-493 (2006)... 

Li Q, Zhou J, Zhang L (2009) Stmcture and properties of the nanocomposite films of chitosan reinforced with cellulose whiskers. J Polym Sci Part B Polym Phys 47 1069-1077 Lin N, Chen G, Huang J et al (2009) Effects of polymer-grafted natural nanocrystals on the stmcture and mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid) a case of cellulose whisker-graft-polycaprolactone. J Appl Polym Sci 113 3417-3425 Ljungberg N, Bonini C, Bortolussi F et al (2005) New nanocomposite materials reinforced with cellulose whiskers in atactic polypropylene effect of surface and dispersion characteristics. Biomacromolecules 6 2732-2739... 

Other oligomers that have also been used for this purpose are polytetramethylene oxide and polycaprolactones, both containing alkoxysUane functional groups at the chain ends [1,10,11], More recently the organic oligomers that have been used for the production of bicontinuous nanocomposites are commerdal thermosetting resins, particularly epoxy resins. 

Authors have reported the thermal degradation behaviour of polycaprolactone (PCL) bio-nanocomposites [47, 77]. A study by Chrissafis et al. [46] investigated the thermal behaviour of modified and unmodified nanocomposites on PCL. They revealed that both unmodified montmorillonite and multiwalled carbon nanombes inhibited the thermal degradation of the bio-nanocomposites. On the other hand, organically modified montmorillonite and nanosilica increased the rate of degradation of PCL bio-nanocomposites (Fig. 9). 

VanderHart et al. (2001a-c) studied different clay nanocomposites measuring clay exfoliation by relaxation times of hydrogen that sees iron in the montmorillonite clay. They used Fe atoms in montmorillonite clay to determine clay dispersion in Nylon-6 matrix, and degraded alkyl ammoniums (from thermal processing above 200 C) were observed by NMR technique. Hou et al. (2002,2003) studied clay intercalation of poly(styrene-ethylene oxide)-b/ocfe-copolymers using multinuclear solid-state NMR. Hrobarikova et al. (2004) prepared polycaprolactone with laponite or saponite nanocomposites by in sitn polymerization and characterized by CAP NMR to understand how surfactants at clay surface interacted with polymer matrix. Hrobarikova et al. (2004) used solid-state NMR to study intercalated species in poly(e-caprolactone)/clay nanocomposites. 

Morin, A. and Dufresne, A. 2002. Nanocomposites of chitin whiskers from Riftia tubes and polycaprolactone. Macromolecules 35 2190-2199. 

Wu CS (2004) In situ polymerization of titanium isopropoxide in polycaprolactone properties and characterization of the hybrid nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 92(3) 1749-1757... 

Erisken, C., Kalyon, D.M., Wang, H., 2008. Functionally graded electrospun polycaprolactone and beta-tricalcium phosphate nanocomposites for tissue engineering applications. Biomaterials 29, 4065—4073. 

Rezaei, A., Mohammadi, M.R., 2013. In vitro study of hydroxyapatite/polycaprolactone (HA/ PCL) nanocomposite synthesized by an in situ sol-gel process. Materials Science and Engineering C Materials for Biological Applications 33, 390—396. 

Raghunath J, Geoigiou G, Armitage D, Nazhat SN, Sales KM, Butler PE, et al. Degradation studies on biodegradable nanocomposite based on polycaprolactone/polycarbonate (80 20%) polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane. J Biomed Mater Res Part A December 1, 2009 91A(3) 834-44. 

The most common strategy to decrease the price or improve the properties of polylactide to fulfill the requirements of different applications is blending. Polylactide has been blended with degradable and inert polymers, natural and synthetic polymers, plasticizers, natural fibers and inorganic fillers. The most common blends include blends with other polyesters such as polycaprolactone or PLA/starch blends. Usually the compatibility between the two components has to be improved by addition of compatibilizers such as polylactide grafted with starch or acrylic acid (114,115). Recently a lot of focus was concentrated on the development of polylactide biocomposites, nanocomposites and stereocomplex materials. In addition various approaches have been evaluated for toughening of polylactide. 

Chang Peter R., Ai Fujin, Chen Yun, Dufresne Alain, and Huang Jin. Effects of starch nano-crystal-graft-polycaprolactone on mechanical properties of waterborne polyurethane-based nanocomposites. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. Ill no. 2 (2009) 619-627. 

Polycaprolactone can increase the tensile strength and impact strength but reduce the ultimate elongation, tensile modulus, and shrinkage of the thermoplastic starch (TPS) polymer (Avemous et al. 2000). Montmorillonite clay can improve the properties of TPS and create a biobased nanocomposite (Bordes et al. 2009 Aouada et al. 2011). 

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