Films antimicrobial

In the case of natural polymers, polysaccharides like cellulose and chitosan are widely studied as antimicrobial films and barrier/coating materials. The following section reviews the recent studies on cellulose and chitosan having current and potential use as antimicrobial material for active food packaging systems. 

Like E. coli, Salmonella spp. is a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family often isolated from humans and food products. The various types of Salmonella spp are known pathogens. S. typhi causes typhoid fever while other species cause diarrhea or even septicemia. Its detection and identification therefore is important for food safety. Common food products that harbor Salmonella spp include eggs or poultry products that have not been properly processed or cooked. 

Listeria spp. is probably one of the most seriously treated food-borne pathogens due to its ability to cause listeriosis, a condition with flu-like symptoms which can compromise the human immune system especially in pregnant women, children and the elderly. Mortality rates from full listeriosis are at 20% prompting the USDA and FDA to set a zero tolerance against the pathogen. Detection of this microbe is therefore more important than enumeration. In food. Listeria spp. can grow even at refrigerated temperatures and have been isolated from meat and cheese products. 

The ongoing efforts have been promising, especially in the antimicrobial food packaging area. For this part, we would like to summarize the recent developments on antimicrobial systems utilizing chitosan, cellulose, their derivatives and blends (Table 3.3). 

CS thyme oil clove oil cinnamon oil Listeria monocytogenes PTCC 1298 Staphylococcus aureus PTCC 1431 Salmonella enteritidis PTCC 1318 Pseudomonas aeroginosa PTCC 1344 31 

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Suppakul, P., Sonneveld, K., Bigger, S. W., and Miltz, J. (2008). Efficacy of polyethylene-based antimicrobial films containing principal constituents of basil. Food Sci. Techol. 41(5), 779-788. 

Begin, A. and Van Calsteren, M.R. 1999. Antimicrobial films produced from chito-san. International Journal of Food Microbiology 26 63-67. 

In the design of antimicrobial films or packages various factors may be of importance. These include the chemical nature of films and lasting antimicrobial activity, storage temperature, mass transfer coefficients, and physical properties of packaging materials (Quintavalla and Vicini, 2002). 

The basic types of antinucrobial food packaging films are outlined and additives used in antimicrobial materials are discussed, with particular reference to potassium soibate, nisin, imazalil, allyl isothiocyanate and triclosan. The production of antimicrobial films by modification of the polymer chain itself is also mentioned and the natural antimicrobial activity of chitosan is considered. 17 refs. 

Quattar, B., Simard, R.E., Piett, G., Begin, A., and Holley, R.A. 2000. Inhibition of surface spoilage bacteria in processed meats by application of antimicrobial films prepared with chitosan. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 62, 139-148. 

Table 3.3 Recent developments in chitosan (CS), cellulose and their derivatives and blends as antimicrobial films/coatings.

Dutta PK, Tripathi S, Mehrotra GK et al (2009) Perspectives for chitosan based antimicrobial films for food applications. Food Chem 114 1173-1182... 

Dutta, P. K., Tripathi, S., Mehrotra, G. K., and Dutta, J. (2004). Perspectives for chitosan based antimicrobial films in food applications. 

Bromo-2-nltropropane- 1,3-diol antimicrobial, fabric coatings VInyzene BP-5-2 Vinyzene BP-5-2 DIDP Vinyzene BP-5-2 DOP Vinyzene BP-5-2 PG Vinyzene BP-5-2 S-160 Vinyzene BP-5-2 U Vinyzene BP-5-5160 Vinyzene BP-5-5 DIDP Vinyzene BP-5-5 DOP Vinyzene BP-5-5 PG Vinyzene IT-4000 DIDP Zinc Omadine 48% Fine Particle DIsp. Zinc Omadine 48% Std. DIsp. Zinc Omadine Powd. Zinc pyrithbne antimicrobial, film Vinyzene BP-5-2 Vinyzene BP-5-2 DIDP Vinyzene BP-5-2 DOP Vinyzene BP-5-2 PG Vinyzene BP-5-2 S-160 Vinyzene BP-5-2 U Vinyzene BP-5-5160 Vinyzene BP-5-5 DIDP Vinyzene BP-5-5 DOP Vinyzene BP-5-5 PG antimicrobial, food-contact paper/ paperboard binders Hexahydro-1,3,5-trbthyl-s-trlazlne antimicrobial, industrial aq. systems Bioban DXN... 

Kandemir N., Yemenicioglu A., Medtoglu Q., Elmaci Z.S., Arslanogwlu A., Goksungur Y, Baysal T., Production of antimicrobial films by incorporation of partially purified lysozyme into biodegradable films of crude exopolysaccharides obtained from Aureobasidiumpullulans fermentation. Food Technol. Biotecfmol., 43(4), 2005, 343-350. 

Preparation of Chitosan-Based Antimicrobial Films/Coatings.198... 

PREPARATION OF CHITOSAN-BASED ANTIMICROBIAL FILMS/COATINCS... 

Konjac glucomannan was dissolved in distilled water and filtered out leaving a concentration of 1% (w/w). Chitosan dissolved in 0.8% (w/w) aqueous acetic acid to prepare 1% (w/w) solution. The solutions of konjac glucomannan/chitosan with different mixing ratios [9 1,8 2,7 3,6 4,5 5,4 6,3 7,2 8,1 9 konjac glucomannan/chitosan (w/w) were cast onto polystyrene plates and dried at room temperature and then vacuum dried for 48h to obtain the films. Nisin was incorporated into pure konjac glucomannan, chitosan film or the selected blend film forming solution at various levels to obtain antimicrobial films. 

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