Polybutadiene acrylic acid acrylonitrile

CTPB = carboxy-terminated polybutadiene HTPB = hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene PBAN = polybutadiene-acrylic acid-acrylonitrile and PBAA = polybutadiene-acrylic acid. 

The influence of ambient aging at 70°F and accelerated aging at 160°F on the stress-strain behavior of carboxy-terminated polybutadiene, polybutadiene-acrylic acid, polybutadiene-acrylic acid-acrylonitrile, and hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene composite propints is shown in Figures 10 and 11. The elastomers and curative agents for these formulations are listed below... 

PBAN DENOTES POLYBUTADIENE ACRYLIC ACID ACRYLONITRILE... 

PBAN Polybutadiene-acrylic acid-acrylonitrile terpolymer... 

Further expts were conducted on candidate proplnts for space environments. Horton (Ref 112) subjected a urethane-based propint, a polybutadiene-acrylic acid-acrylonitrile based propint, and a carboxyl-terminated polybutadiene based proplnt to 1.5 x 107 R, as well as to high and low temp and pressure. The data indicated that the urethane proplnt withstood the tests best. Scott et al (Ref 126) conducted tests on two polycarbutene solid proplnts which were irradiated to 107 R and subjected to high vacuum exposure as a function of temp without much change... 

The influence of -( CH2)-x binder content on the theoretical specific impulse of AP composite containing 8, 12 and 16% aluminum reaches a max at binder contents between 10 and 15% as shown in Fig 16, while the max level of acceptable physical properties occurs at the 10—16% level. Most operational proplnts accept a sacrifice in energy and operate at the 14—16% binder level since this normally determines service life. Differences in hydrocarbon binders as typified by polyurethane, polybutadiene-acrylic acid copolymer, polybutadiene-acrylic acid-acrylonitrile terpolymer and carboxy-terminated... 

Ammonium perchlorate (69.6%) as oxidizer, aluminum metal powder (16%) as fuel, iron oxidizer powder (0.4%) as catalyst, polybutadiene acrylic acid acrylonitrile (12.04%) as rubber-based binder, epoxy curing agent (1.96%)... 

Composite proplnts, which are used almost entirely in rocket propulsion, normally contain a solid phase oxidizer combined with a polymeric fuel binder with a -CH2—CH2— structure. Practically speaking AP is the only oxidizer which has achieved high volume production, although ammonium nitrate (AN) has limited special uses such as in gas generators. Other oxidizers which have been studied more or less as curiosities include hydrazinium nitrate, nitronium perchlorate, lithium perchlorate, lithium nitrate, potassium perchlorate and others. Among binders, the most used are polyurethanes, polybutadiene/acrylonitrile/acrylic acid terpolymers and hydroxy-terminated polybutadienes... 

This paper discusses the three butadiene prepolymers which have been used most extensively in solid rocket propellants—i.e., the copolymer of butadiene and acrylic acid (PBAA), the terpolymer of butadiene, acrylic acid, and acrylonitrile (PBAN), and the carboxyl-terminated polybutadiene (CTPB). Since the chemistry of all of these carboxyl-containing prepolymers is essentially the same, the discussion of butadiene propellants in this paper is concerned mainly with those based on CTPB. 

AA acrylic acid LDPE low density polyethylene NBR poly (butadiene-acrylonitrile) PA polyamide PAA poly(acrylic acid) PAN polyacrylonitrile PB polybutadiene PC polycarbonate PDMS polydimetylsiloxane PE polyester PEBA polyetheramide-block-polymer PI polyimide PMA poly(methyl acrylate) POUA poly(oxyethylene urethane acrylate) PP polypropylene PPO poly(phenylene oxide) PTMSP poly(trimethylsilylpropyne) PUR polyurethane PVA poly(vinyl alcohol) PVC poly(vinyl chloride). 

Acrylate styrene acrylonitrile Acrylate modified styrene acrylonitrile Acrylic acid ester rubber Acrylonitrile butadiene rubber or nitrile butadiene rubber Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Acrylonitrile styrene/chlorinated polyethylene Acrylonitrile methyl methacrylate Acrylonitrile styrene/EPR rubber or, acrylonitrile ethylene propylene styrene Alpha methyl styrene Atactic polypropylene Butadiene rubber or, cis-1,4-polybutadiene rubber or, polybutadiene rubber Butadiene styrene block copolymer Butyl rubber Bulk molding compound Casein formaldehyde Cellulose acetate Cellulose acetate butyrate Cellulose acetate propionate Cellulose nitrate Chlorinated polyethylene Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride Chloro-polyethylene or, chlorinated polyethylene. 

Abbreviations coiX-V] = copolymers of X and Y colX-b-Yl = block copolymers of poly X and poly Y ST = styrene MA = methyl acrylate MMA = methyl methacrylate AN = acrylonitrile BD = butadiene LR (liquid rubbers) = a, cj-polybutadiene-diols and -dicarboxylic acids Cell-Ac = cellulose acetate Cell-N02 = cellulose nitrate. 

Carboxylated polybutadiene ionomers, which are close relatives of the polyethylene ionomers described above, have an essentially polybutadiene backbone that contains some acrylonitrile and styrene to adjust its flexibility and toughness, and, in addition, up to 6% by weight of acrylic or methacrylic acid. Like the polyethylene ionomers, they are usually made by direct copolymerization with the carboxylic acid monomer using, however, emulsion methods. Typically the monomers are slurried in water with sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate as the emulsifier and potassium persulfate as the free-radical initiator. The tendency of the carboxyhc add monomer to dissolve in the aqueous phase instead of remaining in the butadiene-rich phase is suppressed by making the aqueous phase acidic so that the monomer remains in the nonionized form. 

Orientations in elongated mbbers are sometimes regular to the extent that there is local crystallization of individual chain segments (e.g., in natural rubber). X-ray diffraction patterns of such samples are very similar to those obtained from stretched fibers. The following synthetic polymers are of technical relevance as mbbers poly(acrylic ester)s, polybutadienes, polyisoprenes, polychloroprenes, butadiene/styrene copolymers, styrene/butadiene/styrene tri-block-copolymers (also hydrogenated), butadiene/acrylonitrile copolymers (also hydrogenated), ethylene/propylene co- and terpolymers (with non-conjugated dienes (e.g., ethylidene norbomene)), ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers, ethyl-ene/methacrylic acid copolymers (ionomers), polyisobutylene (and copolymers with isoprene), chlorinated polyethylenes, chlorosulfonated polyethylenes, polyurethanes, silicones, poly(fluoro alkylene)s, poly(alkylene sulfide)s. 

These techniques have been applied to PTFE [211,212], polybutadiene [213], rubbers [214, 215], acrylics [216,217], PE [218-220], polyurethane [221], PS [222], polyvinyl carbazole [223], polymalic acid [224], poly-P-hydroxybutyrate and poly-p-hydroxyvalerate [225], y-glycidoxy propyltrimethoxysilane [226], polypyrrole [227], and acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber [228]. 

These techniques have been applied to PTFE [170,171], polybutadiene [172], rubbers [173, 174], acrylics [175, 176], PE [177, 178, 179], PU [180], PS [181], polyvinyl carbazole [182], polymalic acid [183], poly-P-hydroxy butyrate [184], poly-P-hydroxy valerate [184], y-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxy silane [185], polypyrrole [186], acrylonitrile - butadiene rubber [187], polyferrocenyl silanes [188], polyamides [189], polyarylates [178, 190] and epoxy resins [191]. 

Both ToF-SlMS and XPS [45] have been applied to polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) [46,47], polybutadiene [48], rubbers [49,50], acrylics [51,52], PE [53-55], PU [56], PS [57], polyvinylcarbazole [58] polymalic acid [59], poly-P-hydroxy butyrate [60], poly-P hydroxyvalecate [60], y-glycidoxy propyl trimethoxy-silane [61], polypyrrole [62] and acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber [63]. 

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