Polybenzimidazole blends

In addition to the polybenzimidazole blends with imide-siloxanes, it was also demonstrated that other different polyether imide-siloxane-segmented copolymers of variable composition could be used to modify semi-crystalline polyether ketones (PEEK) by presumably an analogous mechanism. The mechanical properties and transition temperatures of those systems have been reported [124,125], and would appear to be additional suitable candidates for the harsh outer space environment (see Table 4 and Fig. 21). 

Wycisk R, Chisholm J, Lee J, Lin J, Pintauro PN (2006) Direct methanol fuel cell membranes from Nafion-polybenzimidazole blends. J Power Sources 163 9-17... 

Lin HL, Hu CR, Lai SW et al (2012) Polybenzimidazole and butylsulfonate grafted polybenzimidazole blends for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. J Membr Sci 389 399-406... 

Pu HT, Meyer WH, Wegner G (2002) Proton transport in polybenzimidazole blended with H3PO4 or H2SO4. J Polymer Science Part B Polym Phys... 

Wycisk, R., Chisholm, J., Lee, J., Lin, J., and Pintauro, P. N. (2006). Direct methanol fuel ceU membranes from Nafion-polybenzimidazole blends. J. Power Sources 163, 9. 

Kosmala, B. and Schauer, J. 2002. Ion-exchange membranes prepared by blending sulfonated poly(2,6-dimethyl-l,4-phenylene oxide) with polybenzimidazole. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 85 1118-1127. 

The importance of proper RO membrane selection has already been discussed. A review of commercially available RO membranes revealed five different basic membranes that could provide organic recovery. Cellulose acetate and cellulose acetate blends, aromatic polyamide, polyamide thin-film composite, cross-linked polyimine thin-film composite (FT-30), and polybenzimidazole were available when this work was performed. Only the first four types were commercially available. All membranes were available with excellent salt rejection (>97 sodium chloride). Two types of membranes, cellulose acetate and FT-30, have shown short-term (<2-months intermittent use) resistance... 

Microcellular foaming, bimodal cell size distributions, and high open-celled contents of molecular composites of HT-polymers were reported by Sun et al. [33], investigating blends of a rod-like polymer polybenzimidazole with an aminated PSU and poly(phenyl sulfone) by using carbon dioxide as a blowing agent. The complex foaming behavior was related to phase separation within the otherwise... 

Table 3. Weight change incurred by homopolymers, poly(siloxane imide) segmented copolymers, and blends with polybenzimidazole due to exposure to high energy, high flux atomic oxygen3 ...

Arnold CA, Chen DH, Chen YP, Waldbauer RO, Rogers ME, McGrath JE (1990) Miscible blends of poly(siloxane imide) segmented copolymers and polybenzimidazole as potential high performance aerospace materials. High Perfm Polym 2(2) 83... 

Chen DH, Chen YP, Arnold CA, Hedrick JC, Graybeal JD, McGrath JE (1989) Compatible blends of segmented polyimide siloxane copolymers with engineering thermoplastics I polybenzimidazole (PBI). 34th International SAMPE Symposium 1247... 

To prepare new and inexpensive membranes, various trials have been made 196 sulfonated aromatic polyether membrane such as polyether ketones (PEEK),197 sulfonated polysulfone198 and membranes from sulfonated polyphenylene sulfide,199 phosphoric acid-doped polybenzimidazole, (PBI),200 polybenzimidazole having sulfonic acid groups,201 polybenzimidazole with phosphonic acid groups,202 a blend membrane of polybenzimidazole and sulfonated polysulfone,203 sulfonated phosphazene polymer.204... 

PAr with polybenzimidazole (PBI) miscible blends Chen etaL, 1990... 

Polybenzimidazoles, 5-95 wt% with PARA blended miscible by film transparency, single Tg, Calundann et al.. 

Additional polymer blends comprising PAEK s offering property combinations of potential utility include PSF [Robeson and Harris, 1986 Harris and Robeson, 1989] structurally different poly(aryl ketones) [Harris and Robeson, 1986], PAr [Robeson and Harris, 1992], poly(amide-imide) PAI [Harris and Gavula, 1992], PPS [Robeson, 1987], and other PI [Harris et al., 1992]. Mixtures of structurally different PAEK s were noted to be isomorphic within specific limits of ether/ketone ratios [Harris and Robeson, 1987]. Blends of polybenzimidazole, PBI and several commercial PI (Ultem 1000 and Matrimid 5218) have been studied in depth at the University of Massachusetts and found to be miscible. FTIR studies [Guerra et al., 1988 Kim et al., 1993], NMR studies [Grobelny et al., 1990], thermal, dielectric, and mechanical... 

Polymer blends leading to high-end polymers, e.g. from sulfonated polymers (sPEEK - sulfonated polyether-etherketone, sPPSU - sulfonated polyphenyl-sulfone) combined with alkaline components (amine, imidazole, polybenzimidazole) The combination results in ionic cross-linked phases. Commercially available polymers can be modified by different sulfonation reagents. Another possibility is to combine different monomers based on block co-polymers. The conductivity can be controlled by the number of S03H groups due to the dependence of the water uptake from the number of groups ([23] and references cited therein). 

Jung, K. H. and Ferraris, J. R Preparation and electrochemical properties of carbon nanofibers derived from polybenzimidazole/polyimide precursor blends. Carbon. 2012. 

The most studied Nafion composite membranes with organic fillers include blends of Nafion with polypyrrole, polybenzimidazole, poly(vinyl alcohol), polyvinylidene fluoride, polyanfline, sulftmated poly(ether ether ketone), and poly(tetrafluoroethylene). 

The acid-base Nafion composite membranes include blends of Nafion with polypyrrole (PPy) [98-104], polybenzimidazole (PBI) [105-107], poly (propyleneoxide) (PPO) [108, 109], polyfurfuryl alcohol (PFA) [110], poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) [111-115], sulfonated phenol-formaldehyde (sPF) [116], polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) [117-122], poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) [123], poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) [124] polyanifine (PANI) [125-128], polyethylene (PE) [129], poly(ethylene-terephtalate) [130], sulfated p-cyclodextrin (sCD) [131], sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (sPEEK) [132-135], sulfonated poly(aryl ether ketone) (sPAEK) [136], poly(arylene ether sulfone) (PAES) [137], poly(vinylimidazole) (PVl) [138], poly(vinyl pyridine) (PVPy) [139], poly (tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) [140-142], poly(fluorinated ethylene-propylene) [143], sulfonated polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (sPOSS) [144], poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDT) [145, 146], polyrotaxanes (PR) [147], purple membrane [148], sulfonated polystyrene (PSSA) [149, 150], polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene-ran-butylene)-bpolystyrene (SEES) [151], poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-l-propanesulphonic acid-co-l,6-hexanediol propoxylate diacrylate-co-ethyl methacrylate) (AMPS) [152], and chitosan [31]. A binary PVA/chitosan [153] and a ternary Nafion composite with PVA, polyimide (PI) and 8-trimethoxy silylpropyl glycerin ether-1,3,6-pyrenetrisulfonic acid (TSPS) has also been reported [154]. 

Hasiotis C, Deimede V, Kontoyaimis C (2001) New polymer electrolytes based on blends of sulfonated polysulfones with polybenzimidazole. Electrochim Acta 46 2401-2406... 

Chung TS, Guo WE, Liu Y. Enhanced matri-mid membranes for pervaporation by homogenous blends with polybenzimidazole (PBI). J Membr Sci 2006 271(1-2) 221-31. 

One of the frequently advertised advantages of the phosphoric acid imbibed polybenzimidazole systems is their zero water drag coefficient and their possibihty to operate with dry hydrogen and oxygen. However, a vast literature has been devoted to the study of the proton conduction and the effect of relative humidity on the conductivity of the PBl-phosphoric acid system. The promoting effect and the physicochemical interactions of water vapors with the polymer electrolyte and on the fuel cell performance have been explicitly shown for the PBl/PPy(50)coPSF 50/50 polymer blend imbibed with phosphoric acid under fuel cell conditions. ... 

PB Polymer blend polybutadiene PB-1 Poly-1-butene PBA Polybutylacrylate PBG Polybutyleneglycol PBI Polybenzimidazole PBMA Poly(butyl methacrylate)... 

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