Poly sulfonated, blends

Starting from the assumption that the geometry relaxation after excitation is of primary importance with respect to the luminescence response, we decided to employ a solid polymer matrix to suppress conformational changes of the oligomers. For the measurements, dilute blends with polysulfone as the transparent host matrix were prepared. In Figure 16-13, the PL decay curves for the two cyano compounds in both chloroform and polysulfone are presented, as are the PL spectra of Ooct-OPV5-CN in chloroform and poly sulfone [69]. 

FIGURE 4.9 Apparent heat capacity and optical microscopy measurement (% light transmission) of a 75/25 poly(oxyethylene)/poly(ether sulfone) blend. (From Dreezen, G., Groen-inckx, G., Swier, S., and Van Mele, B., Polymer, 42, 1449, 2001. With permission.)... 

Ultem/Poly[4,4 -phenoxy (4-phenylene)sulfone] blend (50/50 by weight) 0.03 — 82.8... 

Immiscible PES blends with improved properties are composed from poly-(biphenyl ether sulfone) and poly(l,4-phenylene ether sulfone). Ternary resin blends comprising a poly(biphenyl ether sulfone), a poly(ether sulf-one) and a poly(sulfone), exhibit very attractive thermal and environmental resistance characteristics together with excellent mechanical properties. 

Super-tough poly(sulfone)s can be produced by blending PES with acrylate rubber and a polycarbonate as an impact modifier. From this high impact strength composition, films and molded articles are useful in automotive applications, durable goods and appliances, medical and plumbing applications where resistance to hot, humid environments may be particularly important, and safety equipment and protective gear. 

The formation of fibrils in poly(carbonate) (PC)/LCP blends have been shown to be enhanced by tbe addition of glass beads. Nano silica acts in the same way. For example, in PC/LCP blends the addition of nano silica results in a reduction of the viscosity. The reduction of viscosity is correlated with the fibrillation of tbe LCP which is promoted by nano silica. In blends of LCP and poly(sulfone) the addition of ca. 5% of nano silica effects the formation of long and perfectly orientated fibrils in the capillary flow. The nano silica forms a network in the matrix that increases the elasticity. This effect is responsible for the improvement of the formation of fibrils. 

Madaeni SS, Amirinejad S, Aminirejad M (2011) Phosphotungstic acid doped poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(ether sulfone) blend composite membranes for direct methanol fuel cells. J Membr Sci 380 132-137... 

The polymer/solvent blend is extruded or cast at elevated temperatures. As the temperature approaches an ambient temperature, a polymer-rich phase separates from the solvent. The solvent is subsequently removed from the phase separated blend by leaching. Also, polymers, such as poly(sulfone), are suitable for leaching [57]. 

Super-tough poly(sulfone)s can be produced by blending PES with acrylate rubber and a polycarbon-... 

Bhattacharya R, Phaniraj TN, Shailaja D. Poly-sulfone and polyvinyl pyrrolidone blend membranes with reverse phase morphology as controlled release systems experimental and theoretical studies. J Membr Sci 2003 227(l-2) 23-37. 

The UCST behavior, we observed in blends of tetramethyl poly(sulfone) (TMPSF), Figure 20, and poly(styrene-co-aciylonitrile) with 33 wt% acrylonitrile (symbolized by SAN-33). Molecular masses of the constituents were TMPSF -AT =2.5 kg/mol,A4 = 470g/mol 5 SAN-33-AT = 100kg/mol,AT =... 

Jukes, P.C., S.J. Martin, A.M. Higgins, M. Ceoghegan, R.A.L. Jones, S. Langridge, A. Wehrum, and S. Kirchmeyer. 2004. Controlling the surface composition of poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)-poly(styrene sulfonate) blends by heat treatment. Adv Mat 16 807. 

Ldpez, M.L., Compan, V., Garrido, J., Riande, E. and Acosta, J.L. 2001. Proton transport in membranes prepared from sulfonated polystyrene-poly (vinylifluoride) blends. J. Electrochem. Soc. 148 E372-E377. 

Catbon-fiber-based Epoxy, polyfether keytones), poly(imide), poly(sulfone), i iopacifiers (BaS04, BaCl2, Ti02) blended into poly(olefins), poly(urethanes), silicones... 

Poly(ester urethane) and poly(ether sulfone) blends with or without Thermal degradation of blends using TGA The presence of polysulfone caused a rise in thermal stability of the Filip and Vlad 2004... 

Fig. 2. 100 kHz dielectric loss spectra of polyimide -poly(ether-sulfone) blends, together with the spectra of the pure constituents, in the first heating run. Samples were solvent cast films. 

Y.C. Shu, F.S. Chuang, W.C. Tsen, J.D. Chow, C. Gong, S. Wen, Sulfonated poly (ether imide) and poly (ether sulfone) blends for direct methanol fuel cells. I. Sulfonation of PEI and characterization of the products, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 107 (5) (2008) 2963-2969. 

We have prepared a series of nylon / poly aniline blends using the solvent hexafluoroisdpropanol (HFIP), which is an excellent solvent for polyaniline emeraldine base (PANI-EB), polyaniline doped with various sulfonic acids (PANI-ES) and for hi molecular weight nylon 6 and nylon 12. It was observed that conductivity and morphology of the blends varied with the compatibility of the sulfonic acid anion with the nylon. Methanesulfonic acid, butane sulfonic acid dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid and camphor sulfonic acid were used as PANI dopants and the PANI-ES / nylon blends were characterized by electrical conductivity (room and low temperature) and transmission electron microscopy. The results of these various measurements and the conclusions which can be drawn regarding morphology and conductivity of Ihe blends, will be reported. 

Y, and Inoue, T. (1992) Aramid poly(ether sulfone) blend-crystallization accelerated by the presence of amorphous polymer. Polymer, 33 (15), 3210-3214. 

Guerrica-Echevarria, G., Eguiazabal, J.I., and Nazabal, J. (2005) Supertoughness in poly sulfone/poly(ethylene-octene) blends. Macromol. Mater. Eng., 290, 38—44. 

Ibuki J, et al. Reactive blending of poly sulfone with polyamide a potential for solvent-free preparation of the block copolymer. Polymer 1999 40(3) 647-53. 

Hermant MC, Klumperman B, Kyrylyuk AV, van der Schoot P, Koning CE (2009) Lowering the percolation threshold of single-walled carbon nanotubes using polystyrene/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrene sulfonate) blends. Soft Matter... 

Wei et al. applied SPEEK/poly(ether sulfone) blend membranes to be used as an SPE for water electrolysis. MEA was fabricated by incorporating Ir anode layer and Pt cathode layer with the membrane by a decal method. An electrolytic current of 1655 mA cm" was obtained at 2 V and 80°C with the SPEEK-based MEA and under suitable fabrication conditions. Although the result was still not as good as a Naflon-based MEA, it also suggested that SPEK membrane could be an alternative to Naflon in SPE water electrolysis for hydrogen production. 

Other strategies for producing hydrophobic membranes for MD are the modification of hydrophilic polymers or ceramic materials. Qtaishat et al. [144] produced two different types of hydrophobic surface-modifying macromolecules (SMMs) and prepared hydrophobic/hydrophilic polyetherimide composite membranes. The SMMs blended PEI membranes achieved better DCMD fluxes than those of a commercial PTFE membrane tested under the same conditions. Similarly fluorinated SMMs were used to modify hydrophilic poly(sulfone) [145]. Krajewski et al. [146] used lH,lH,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane to create a hydrophobic active layer on commercial tubular zirconia membranes supported on alumina. The produced membranes were tested in air-gap MD (AGMD). Hendren et al. [147] used 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane, trichloromethylsilane, and trimethylchlorosilane to modify, by surface grafting, two types of alumina Anodise ceramic membranes. The authors demonstrated that this surface treatment was effective and tested the produced membranes in DCMD. 

Sulfonation has been used to change some characteristics of blends. Poly(2,6-diphenyl-l,4-phenylene oxide) and polystyrene are immiscible. However, when the polymers were functionalized by sulfonation, even though they remained immiscible when blended, the functionalization increased interfacial interactions and resulted in improved properties (65). In the case of DMPPO and poly(ethyl acrylate) the originally immiscible blends showed increased miscibility with sulfonation (66). 

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