From sulfonates and

Many other sulfur-derived reagents have been used in reactions quite similai to those derived from sulfones and mainly for carbonyl methylidenation (see [419] for general references), as in the Johnson sulfoximine method [428],... 

Polar functional groups of the additives are adsorbed on metal surfaces and this provides a barrier to prevent corrosive materials from contacting the metallic surfaces. Zinc dithiophosphates, dithiocarbamates and benzotriazoles are commonly used to protect copper-lead bearings from the type of corrosion present at concentrations of 50 to 300 mg/kg of oil. Rust inhibitors derived from sulfonates and amines also form absorbed films on ferrous metal, which prevents corrosive material from reaching the metal surface. 

Mechanism The n-BuLi abstracts a proton from sulfone and produces the phenyl sulfonyl carbanion A, which reacts with an aldehyde to form an alkoxide B. The alkoxide B is esterified in situ to yield the corresponding ester C. The sodium amalgam reduction of ester... 

Alcohols and amines have also been regenerated from sulfonates and sulfonamides on basic KF-alumina promoted by microwaves (Scheme 2.2-31) [96]. 

Sodium hydroxide Alkylthiosulfonic acids from sulfones and mercaptans... 

Sodium alcohol Ethylene derivs. from sulfones and halides... 

A case of occupationally induced chronic pigmented purpura was reported in a dye factory worker. His workplace was filled with dust from sulfonated and azo dyes. However, skin lesions cleared after he wore a mask to stop inhalation of the dye dust (Nishioka et al. 1980). 

Both acrylic and modacrylic fibres are based on atactic polyacrylonitrile. The generic name acrylic fibre refers to fibres made from linear copolymers that consist of not less than 85 wt % acrylonitrile units. The majority of commercial acrylic fibres contain between 5 and 8% of neutral comonomers, namely vinyl acetate, methyl acrylate or methyl methacrylate. In addition, smaller quantities of various ionic comonomers e,g, sodium styrenesulfonate) are used to provide, together with the ionic end-groups formed from sulfonate and sulfate initiators, the dye sites in the fibres. 

Sulfonyl and Sulfinyl Chlorides from Sulfonic and Sulfinic Acids. Alkyl or arylsulfonyl chlorides are prepared by heating the acid with thionyl chloride DMF catalyzes this reaction. (+)-Camphorsulfonyl chloride is produced in 99% yield without a catalyst. Use of the salts of sulfinic acids minimizes their oxidation p-toluenesulfinyl chloride is produced in about 70% yield from sodium p-toluenesulfinate dihydrate with excess thionyl chloride. Phosphorus(V) Chloride is more commonly used for this transformation. 

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