Physicochemical interactions

Phenomenon Heat Physicochemical interaction Nonuniformities of. b concentration... 

E. Haque. Physicochemical interactions between montmorillonite and polymerizing systems Effect on particle-reinforced composites. PhD thesis. Rice Univ, 1986. 

However, the very complex mechanisms of action of these drugs and the pressure on the industry to diminish research and development costs require rapid advancements in the knowledge of the pharmaco- and physicochemical interactions of organic compounds with... 

McNulty, H., R. F. Jacob et al. (2008). Biologic activity of carotenoids related to distinct membrane physicochemical interactions. Am. J. Cardiol. 101(10A) 20D-29D. 

The ultimate psychopharmacological effects of a drug result form a sequence of physicochemical interactions between the drug, a relatively small molecule and a... 

Vecchio A, Finoli C, Simine DD, Andreoni V (1998) Heavy metal biosorption by bacterial cells. Fresenius J Anal Chem 361 338-342 Walker SG, Flemming CA, Ferris FG, Beveridge TJ, Bailey GW (1989) Physicochemical interaction of Escherichia coli cell envelopes and Bacillus subtilis cell walls with two clays and ability of the composite to immobililze heavy metals from solution. Appl Environ Microbiol 55 2976-2984 Wightman PG, Fein JB (2001) Ternary interactions in a humic acid-Cd-bacteria system. ChemGeol 180 55-65... 

Summarizing, nucleophilic attack by water on GTP in the Cdc42-Cdc42GAP enzymatic complex has been investigated by use of DFT-based MD simulations. The model system enabled consideration of the most relevant physicochemical interactions between GTP, WAT, and the biological complex. In particular, the system seemed to include the atoms forming the pre-organized catalytic site and took into account the major contribution of the electric... 

The selection of the solvent is based on the retention mechanism. The retention of analytes on stationary phase material is based on the physicochemical interactions. The molecular interactions in thin-layer chromatography have been extensively discussed, and are related to the solubility of solutes in the solvent. The solubility is explained as the sum of the London dispersion (van der Waals force for non-polar molecules), repulsion, Coulombic forces (compounds form a complex by ion-ion interaction, e.g. ionic crystals dissolve in solvents with a strong conductivity), dipole-dipole interactions, inductive effects, charge-transfer interactions, covalent bonding, hydrogen bonding, and ion-dipole interactions. The steric effect should be included in the above interactions in liquid chromatographic separation. 

The selectivity of a separation is based on differences in the physicochemical interactions of the analytes with the stationary and mobile phases. This difference is measured as AtR on a chromatogram. 

In many physicochemical interactions which are subject to the same intrinsic mechanism, the free energy change is proportional to the enthalpy. 

Cruciani et al., used a dynamic physicochemical interaction model to evaluate the interaction energies between a water probe and the hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions of the solute with the GRID force field. The VolSurf program was used to generate a PLS model able to predict log Poet [51] from the 3D molecular structure. 

Corrosion is the spontaneous destruction (oxidation, in particular) of a material as a result of its physicochemical interaction with the surrounding medium, for example, with an electrolyte solution. Since we mean here a process, in which the net current is absent, the system solid-solution remains, as a whole, neutral hence, the oxidation of a solid in the course of corrosion must be accompanied by the reduction of other components in the system (i.e., solvent or solutes). 

Permeation of a model solute across skin in presence of an enhancer is dependent not only on the inherent capacity of the enhancer to permeabi-lize skin but also on the physicochemical interactions of the enhancer with the model solute. An end point used to characterize the effect of an enhancer on skin permeability should be able to decouple these two effects. This assures the generality of the results. 

It is also possible to immobilize antibodies by physicochemical interactions. Group-specific adsorbents including immobilized protein-A, which is a cell wall... 

Chromatography is now and will continue to be the most effective method for selective protein purification. The more conventional methods (ion exchange and gel filtration) rely on rather nonspecific physicochemical interactions between a stationary support and protein molecule. These techniques, which separate proteins on the basis of net charge, size, and polarity, do not have a high degree of specificity. 

The liquid medium used for suspending the particles can serve special purposes-such as lubrication and coating of newly formed particles through various physicochemical interactions (electrostatic, hydrophobic, etc.) (Verhoff et al., 2003 Moschwitzerand Muller, 2006). 

Thus, it is not surprising that coal density is variable and dependent on the coal type. For example, the density of anthracite is on the order of 1.55, whereas bituminous coal has a density on the order of 1.35, and lignite has a density on the order of 1.25. However, such generalizations are to be treated with caution since coal density is usually determined by displacement of a fluid, but because of the porous nature of coal and also because of physicochemical interactions, the density data observed vary with the particular fluids employed, and different fluids may have to be employed for different coal types (Agrawal, 1959 Mahajan and Walker, 1978). 

Klumpp, E., and M.J. Schwuger. 1997. Physicochemical interactions of surfactants and contaminants in soil. In M.J. Schick and F.M. Fowkes, Eds., Surfactants in the Environment, Surfactant Science Series Vol. 63, pp. 39-64. Marcel Dekker, New York. 

We have organized our synthesis into two broad categories DOM-microbial and DOM-physicochemical interactions (Fig. 1). Although these categories are fairly distinct at large scales, they become increasingly difficult to parse at fine scales, and this is reflected in our synthesis. 

---