Poly flooring materials

Most flooring materials are conventionally prepared from poly-(vinyl chloride) (PVC). This material usually contains more than 30% of phthalate plasticizers to produce sufficient flexibility and impact strength. 

Alternative sheet flooring materials prepared from the poly(lac-tide) based composites have been described (1). The polymeric material can include 30-50% of PVC, polyfethylene glycol) (PEG), poly(glycoUde), ethylene vinyl acetate, polycarbonate, poly(capro-lactone) (PCL), poly(/S-hydroxyalkanoate)s, or ionomer modified polyolefins. 

Poly(vinyl chloride) and copolymers, used primarily to produce pipe and fittings, flooring material, and films and sheet. 

Membrane banners are applied to the exterior of the foundation and also beneath the floor slab during construction. Materials used for the membrane barriers range from coextruded poly olefin to polyvinyl chloride to foil sheets with many other materials in between. All membrane barriers must have the edges sealed to prevent radon from migrating around the edges and back into the building. 

Copolymerization. Vinyl chloride can be copolymerized with a variety of monomers. Vinyl acetate, the most important commercial comonomer, is used to reduce crystallinity, winch aids fusion and allows lower processing temperatures. Copolymers are used in flooring and coatings. This copolymer sometimes contains maleic add or vinyl alcohol (hydrolyzed from the poly(vinyl acetate ) to improve the coating s adhesion to other materials, including metals, Copolymers with vinylidene chloride are used as barrier films and coatings. Copolymers of vinyl chlonde with acrylic esters in latex from are used as film formers in paint, nonwoven fabric binders, adhesives, and coatings. Copolymers with olefins improve thermal stability and melt flow, but at some loss of heat-deflection temperature,... 

Poly(vinyl chloride) used in the manufacture of plastic raincoats is plasticized, until Tg is below ambient, to make the material flexible. One might expect that if the coat was hung on a hook (i.e., subjected to a tensile load), it would eventually flow onto the floor after prolonged expansion. Why does this not happen ... 

Cellulose nitrate is derived from cellulose, a natural polymer. The first truly man-made plastic came 41 years later (in 1909) when Dr. Leo Hendrick Baekeland developed phenol-formaldehyde plastics (phenolics), the source of such diverse materials as electric iron and cookware handles, grinding wheels, and electrical plugs. Other polymers — cellulose acetate (toothbrushes, combs, cutlery handles, eyeglass frames) urea-formaldehyde (buttons, electrical accessories) poly(viryl ehloride) (flooring, upholstery, wire and cable insulation, shower curtains) and nylon (toothbrush bristles, stockings, surgical sutures) — followed in the 1920s. 

Chem. Desalp. Ethyl methacrylate CAS 97-63-2 EINECS/ELINCS 202-597-5 Uses Base material for paint, leather, paper, and textile industries poly-merization/copolymerization in bulk, emulsion, and sol n. dental compds. adhesives floor care prods. oil additives toner resins Properties APHA 5 max. clear liq. ester-like odor sol. 0.77% water in ester, 0.4% ester in water (20 C) m.w. 114.1 sp.gr. 0.912 vise. 0.63 mPa s (20 C) vapor pressure 21.3 mbar (20 C) b.p. 118.8 C solid, pt. < -75 C flash pt. 17.5 C ref. index 1.415 99.5% min. purity 0.04% max. acid 0.02% max. water... 

Poly(L-lactic acid) is an effective alternative to petro-based polymers in applications such as packaging material, automotive materials, including floor mats and spare tire covers, and the chassis of electrical appliances such as computers, mobile phones, remote controls, and optical disks [422,423]. Figure 8.26 shows the commodity applications of PLLA. For... 

Poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) is one of the most widely used polymers in the world. This polymer is usually plasticized with low or medium molecular weight materials such as dioctyl phthalate, trioctyl phosphate, and poly (propylene glycol) esters. The properties can be finely tuned from rigid to soft and flexible by varying the plasticizer content from a few percent to more than 60%. The largest use is for rigid pipe other uses include window frames, flooring, cable insulation, and other household and construction applications. 

Poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) is one of the most important thermoplastics produced by the chemical industry [276,277]. For the year 1999, the worldwide total production of PVC was estimated at about 24.3 million tons [278]. Well-known PVC materials, for example, are tubes, valves, flexible pipes, or floor coverings. As can be seen in this short enumeration, it is possible to produce rubberlike up to hard PVC. This variety of applications is attributed to the polar structure of the macromolecule, which permits the use of specific plasticizers [279-281] and specific additives useful for manufacturing [282-285]. Another important factor in PVC technology is grain morphology [286-289]. 

V Poly(vinyl chloride) Floor tiles, vinyl siding, plumbing pipe, gutters and downspouts, garden hoses, shower curtains, window frames, blister packs Many of the uses of recycled poly(vinyl chloride) are the same as those of new material... 

The polymerization of p ra-dioxanone as well as that of methyl and dimethyl homologues were described by Doddi et al. [183]. Poly(ptira-dioxanone) is primarily used as the absorbable suture material PDS (manufactured by Ethicon Inc.) because of its good tensile properties with respect to PGA and its ability to form monofilaments [28]. PDS material has been investigated for arterial regeneration in rabbit [184] and for internal suspension and fixation of facial fractures clinically [185], for cerclage of the eyeball [186], for closure of abdominal wounds [187] and for orbital floor reconstruction [188] as well as for use in pediatric cardiovascular operations [189] and in orthopeadic surgery [190]. 

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