Toothbrush bristles

PBT is easily made into fiber and monofilament and has been used in some fiber applications. For example, PBT fibers are used commercially as toothbrush bristles. Compared to PET, PBT fiber is more resistant to permanent deformation. Compared to nylon, PBT shows almost no change when exposed to moisture. PBT shows much more resistance to staining than nylon and can be colored by the use of pigments. However, PBT is more difficult to color by solution dying than nylon. PBT is not typically used in textile applications due to its perceived high price. 

Cellulose nitrate is derived from cellulose, a natural polymer. The first truly man-made plastic came 41 years later (in 1909) when Dr. Leo Hendrick Baekeland developed phenol-formaldehyde plastics (phenolics), the source of such diverse materials as electric iron and cookware handles, grinding wheels, and electrical plugs. Other polymers — cellulose acetate (toothbrushes, combs, cutlery handles, eyeglass frames) urea-formaldehyde (buttons, electrical accessories) poly(viryl ehloride) (flooring, upholstery, wire and cable insulation, shower curtains) and nylon (toothbrush bristles, stockings, surgical sutures) — followed in the 1920s. 

The first commercial application was probably toothbrush bristles. For centuries toothbrushes were made of coarse animal hairs (usually boar) until Dupont introduced Doctor West s Miracle Toothbrush in 1938. 

Home furnishings, apparel, carpet, fishing line, toothbrush bristles... 

Poly(hexamethylenediamine-co-dodecanedioic acid), nylon-6,12 [24936-74-1], melts at 212°C, has a density of 1.06 g/cm, and has a lower moistiu-e regain than that of nylon-6,6. Nylon-6,12 is used primarily for fishing fines and toothbrush bristles. It has a good apparel fiber properties, but is not as readily dyeable as nylon-6,6. 

The exit road for silk was paved by 1938, a year after Carothers s death, when nylon was introduced to the world, primarily as a replacement for silk in hose and stockings and as toothbrush bristles. It is certain that the invention of nylon gravely alfected the Japanese trade balance, and in consequence, the overall position of the Japanese industry in world markets at the threshold of the Second World War. The influence of this miracle fiber, that could be produced at the fraction of the cost as its natural counterpart, is indisputable. Allied use of nylon in parachutes during the invasion of Normandy may have played a decisive role in the war s military outcome. The most obvious influence may come from its impact on consumer consumption. 

Though the nylons originally were developed for their fiber-forming characteristics, their first commercial application was for toothbrush bristles, and shortly thereafter they were used for women s stockings. Not only are they drawn into monofilament and spun into fiber they are extruded into film and tubing, blow-molded into bottles, injection-molded... 

Commodity Appiications Films, monofilaments and fibres (toothbrush bristles and household brushes). 

Huls AG Vestamid PA612 Applications Varies with grade. Reinforced grades for high strength/stiffness uses. Fibre grades (monofilaments) for toothbrush bristles or abrasive bristles. Film. ... 

D. Use a hard bristle toothbrush to tiio roughly cleanse the mouth and teeth of debris. 

These bonded phases are found to be fairly stable between the pH range 2 to 9 and upto temperatures of about 80 °C. The nature of the R group of the silane solely determines the surface polarity of the bonded phase. A fairly common bonded phase is made with a linear C18 hydrocarbon, also known as ODS (octadecyl silane) bonded phases, wherein the groups appear to be protruding out from the silica particle surface just as the bristles on a toothbrush. It takes care of almost 75% of the samples in HPLC. 

Brushes have been made from both plant and animal materials. Fine bmshes, for writing or painting, are usually made of animal hair. Toothbrushes and short-bristle cleaning brushes are most often made of stiff plant materials, like small twigs or stems. 

The discovery of nylon is one example. In 1928, E.l. DuPont de Nemours and Company appointed a young, 32-year-old chemist from Harvard, Wallace Carothers, as the director of its new research center. The goal was to create artificial fibers similar to cellulose and silk. In 1930, Julian Hill, a member of Carothers team, dipped a hot glass rod in a mixture of solutions and unexpectedly pulled out long fibers such as the one shown in Figure 1-14. Carothers pursued the development of these fibers as a synthetic silk that could withstand high temperatures and eventually developed nylon in 1934. Nylon s first use was in a toothbrush with nylon bristles. During World War 11, nylon was used as a replacement for silk in parachutes. Nylon is used extensively today in textiles and some kinds of plastics. 

The products discussed above touch us in every moment of our lives. We wake in the morning to an alarm clock in a polystyrene case we arise from our polyester blend sheets and slip on a pair of slippers glued with polyurethane glue. We flip the polymethylmethacrylate light switch and walk across a Nylon carpet to the bathroom. Our polymethylmethacrylate toothbrush is sitting on the Formica counter top. It has Nylon bristles. The soap we use to wash our face may be hydrocarbon derived sodium lauryl sulfate. We walk to the kitchen with polyvinyl chloride floors and sit at a Formica table. The polyethylene milk carton is at hand to supply the milk for the cereal stored in the polyethylene bag. It is eaten from a urea formamide bowl. The frying pan has a phenolformaldehyde plastic handle and a Teflon interior coating. 

I will use a soft-bristled toothbrush to brush my teeth. ... 

The client should use a soft-bristled toothbrush to prevent gum irritation and bleeding. Gingival hyperplasia (overgrowth of gums) is a side effect of this medication. 

Soft-bristled toothbrushes are recommended for clients taking phenytoin (Dilantin) because of gingival hyperplasia, but this client will stop taking an AED because of being in remission. 

Sofr-bristled toothbrushes should be used to help prevent abnormal bleeding. 

The client is at risk for bleeding, and a soft-bristled toothbrush should be used. 

Use a soft-bristled toothbrush when brushing teeth. 

Provide the client with a soft-bristled toothbrush. 

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