Electric Irons

Several forms of apparatus employing electrical heati iig wi 11 be described. A simple form may be readily constructed from a domestic electric iron of 400-500 watts rating. The handle is removed, and two holes of 8 mm. diameter are drilled through the base (ca. 11 mm. thick) so that they meet in the centre of the block. One hole is for a 360° thermometer (small bulb) the other hole is spare and can be used for comparison with a standard thermometer. The heater is mounted on a sheet of thick asbestos board which is fixed to an appropriate wooden base. The wires from the heating unit are connected to two insulated terminals fitted on the board (Fig. 11, 11, 1). The rate of heating is controlled by either of the following methods ... 

E. Doetsch and H. DoHwa, "Economical and Process Technology Aspects of Cast Iron Melting," Electrowarmeint. 37(B3), B157 (1979), contains an economic comparison fuel-fired and electric iron foundry melting furnaces. 

The newer improved heat-resistant grades are finding use in saucepan handles, saucepan lid knobs, lamp housings, cooker handles, welding tongs and electric iron parts. 

The rubbers are also used for such diverse applications as blood transfusion tubing capable of sterilisation, antibiotic container closures, electric iron gaskets, domestic refrigerators and non-adhesive rubber-covered rollers for handling such materials as confectionery and adhesive tape. The cold-curing rubbers are of value in potting and encapsulation. 

The value of heat insulation is fully appreciated in the use of plastic drinking cups, plastic handles on cooking utensils, electric irons, and others where heat can cause discomfort... 

Many plastic products seen in everyday life are not required to undergo sophisticated design analysis because they are not required to withstand high static and dynamic loads (Chapter 2). Examples include containers, cups, toys (Fig. 10-1), boxes, housings for computers, radios, televisions and the like, electric iron (Fig. 10-2), recreational products (Figs. 10-3 and 10-4) and nonstructural... 

Fig. 10-2 View of an electric iron showing their use of different plastics that use different fabricating...

Small appliances, ovenware, kitchenware, microwave ovenware, tableware, cooking utensils, water tanks for coffee makers or electric irons. .. 

Electric razor heads, electric iron parts, vacuum cleaner motor supports, sewing machine parts... 

If a suitable press is not available, one may improvise as follows The heating plates of two electric irons are first bored to accept a thermocouple and then connected in parallel to the power supply through a variable transformer. A calibration curve is determined for the temperature attained at different voltages. For the preparation of a film the finely powdered polymer is placed, as described... 

Equipment failure is another cause of electrical shock. Some examples include leakage in washing machines, electrical irons, water pumps, broken energized power lines, grinding, and drilling machines. The equipment must he grounded with three wire cables. 

Transition metals share properties such as electrical conductivity, luster, and malleability with other metals. There is little variation in atomic size, electronegativity, and ionization energy across a period. However, there are differences in properties among these elements, especially physical properties. For example, silver is the best conductor of electricity. Iron and titanium are used as structural materials because of their relative strength. 

Cellulose nitrate is derived from cellulose, a natural polymer. The first truly man-made plastic came 41 years later (in 1909) when Dr. Leo Hendrick Baekeland developed phenol-formaldehyde plastics (phenolics), the source of such diverse materials as electric iron and cookware handles, grinding wheels, and electrical plugs. Other polymers — cellulose acetate (toothbrushes, combs, cutlery handles, eyeglass frames) urea-formaldehyde (buttons, electrical accessories) poly(viryl ehloride) (flooring, upholstery, wire and cable insulation, shower curtains) and nylon (toothbrush bristles, stockings, surgical sutures) — followed in the 1920s. 

The thermal conductivity of a mixture is nearly proportional to the volume percentage of each component. Wood-flour-filled phenolic has a higher thermal conductivity than the pure resin, but the conductivity of this composite is still low enough to justify its use as the handle to a teapot. This composite can also withstand temperatures up to 100°C sufiiciently well to give the handle a reasonable service life. For parts subjected to higher temperatures, asbestos-filled phenolic is a better choice. It can be used as the insulating connection to an electric iron, for example. 

In general, phenolics have better heat and moisture resistance than ureaformaldehyde moldings. Heat-resistant phenolics are used in handles and knobs of cookware, welding tongs, electric iron parts, and in the automobile industry for fuse box covers, distributor heads, and other applications where good electrical insulation together with good heat resistance is required. 

Attaches hardware, such as latches, locks, metal ornaments, drawer pulls, moldings. May use electric iron to brand name on product... 

Electric iron Earl Richardson introduces the lightweight electric iron. 

The thermostat is manufactured by the Cliromalox corporation. Its listed part number is SA-701. This type of thermostat is called a low wattage (appliance) thermostat. It is used in a variety of applications and is designed for those appliances that permit direct contact with a heated surface. One example would be an electric iron. 

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