Plumbing/pipes

These properties, coupled with its relatively low cost, make copper one of the most useful metals in modem society. About half of all copper produced is for electrical wiring, and the metal is also widely used for plumbing pipes. Copper is used to make several important alloys, the most important of which are bronze and brass. Both alloys contain copper mixed with lesser amounts of tin and zinc in various proportions. In bronze, the amount of tin exceeds that of zinc, whereas the opposite is tme for brass. The discovery of bronze sometime around 3000 bc launched the advance of civilization known today as the Bronze Age. Because bronze is harder and stronger than other metals known in antiquity, it became a mainstay of the civilizations of India and the Mediterranean, used for tools, cookware, weapons, coins, and objects of art. Today the principal use of bronze is for bearings, fittings, and machine parts. 

C20-0020. In recent years, copper has replaced galvanized iron as the material of choice for plumbing pipes. Explain why copper is a better material for pipes than zinc-coated iron. Justify your answer with balanced equations. 

Composition 85% copper and 15% zinc. Commonly found in radiator cores, plumbing pipe, heat exchangers, and valves. 

Many billions of pounds of polymer are extruded annually into products ranging from household plumbing pipe to thin film grocery sacks, textile fibers to weather stripping. In fact, almost all polymer passes through an extruder at some point, since many polymerization reactors feed extruders in order to include additives and to pelletize. Furthermore, most primary processing... 

Why is lead no longer used in paints or for plumbing pipes (7.2)... 

PVC poly(vinyl chloride) food wrap, vegetable oil bottles, blister packaging, plastic pipes detergent bottles, tiles, plumbing pipe fittings... 

Impure copper can be purified by electrolysis (see Section 20.2). After silver, which is too expensive for large-scale use, copper has the highest elecuical conductivity. It is also a good thermal conductor. Copper is used in alloys, elecuical cables, plumbing (pipes), and coins. 

Oakum- Loose hemp or jute fiber that s impregnated with tar or pitch and used to caulk large seams or for packing plumbing pipe joints... 

Floor tiles, vinyl siding, plumbing pipe, gutters and downspouts, garden hoses, shower curtains, window frames, blister packs... 

Poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC), used in floor tiles, garden hoses, plumbing pipes, and trash bags, has a chlorine atom substituted for one of the hydrogen atoms in ethylene. 

PVC plumbing pipes. Such pipes are common in repairs and new construction. 

JB Engineering. Cost analysis of high-rise plumbing piping system 2006. Report Nr... 

An important application for polybntylene is plumbing pipe for both coimnercial and residential use. The exceUent creep resistance of polybntylene aUows for the manufacture of thiimer wall pipes compared to pipes made from polyethylene or polypropylene. Polybutylene pipe can also be used for the transport of abrasive fluids. Other applications for polybutylene include hot melt adhesives and additives for other plastics. The addition of polybutylene improves the environmental stress cracking resistance of polyethylene and the impact and weld line strength of polypropylene. Polybntylene is also used in pack aging applications. 

Touch currents — The victim is touching a conductive surface which is struck by lightning. The current also may travel through power lines, telephone lines, or plumbing pipes to a person who is in contact with an electric apphance, telephone, or plumbing fixture. 

Plumbing (piping for cold/hotwater, drainage and gas distribution and floor heating systems) Mostly PVC, CPVC (for large diameter industrial pipes), MOPVC, PE-FiD and ED and other types, ABS, PP, GRP, polybutylene (PB), acetal, polyolefins (croslinked PE (XPE) (for floor heating)... 

Lead is a naturally occurring element that can be found on the periodic table of elements. Considered to be one of the first heavy metals to be discovered and widely used, it is also considered by many to be the downfall of the Roman Empire in history. It was discovered that lead was used for making plumbing pipes for the... 

In our everyday lives, we are surrounded by a variety of polymers. From carpet fibers to plumbing pipes, our society has clearly become dependent on polymers. Polymers are discussed in more detail in later chapters. 

Polymers were first introduced in Chapter 4, and discussions of polymers appear throughout the book. We saw that polymers are large molecules formed by the joining of monomers. More than 200 billion pounds of synthetic organic polymers are produced in the United States every year. They are used in a variety of applications, including automobile tires, carpet fibers, clothing, plumbing pipes, plastic squeeze bottles, cups, plates, cutlery, computers, pens, televisions, radios, CDs and DVDs, paint, and toys. Our society has clearly become dependent on polymers. 

For example, vinyl chloride is polymerized to form polyvinyl chloride (PVC), which is a very hard polymer used to make plumbing pipes. PVC can be softened if polymerization takes place in the presence of compounds called plasticizers, as we will explore in more detail in Chapter 27. PVC made with plasticizers is a bit more flexible (although durable and strong) and is used for a wide variety of purposes, such as garden hoses, plastic raincoats, and shower curtains. Table 11.3 shows a number of common polymers produced via a radical process. 

Floor mats, garden hoses, shower curtains, plumbing pipes... 

Copper is another metal recognizable to everyone. It is used to make pennies and other coins. An interesting fact about permies is that before 1981 they were made of pure copper, but since 1981, they are composed of zinc with a copper layer deposited on the surface. Copper wire is used in electric power lines. Copper is also used in plumbing pipes. The popular alloy brass is a combination of copper and zinc, while bronze is a combination of copper and tin. Compounds of copper are typically blue or green. 

Polymers classified as addition polymers are the most common as far as applications in our everyday lives. Molded plastic articles, such as plastic bottles and other containers, children s toys, plumbing pipes—virtually anything you can think of that is a plastic—are addition polymers. Also, we can list floor tile, some textile fibers, ropes, rubber gaskets, plastic wrap, and Styrofoam cups among the materials that are composed of addition polymers. It is difficult to imagine what our lives would be like without addition polymers. Let us take a closer look at the structure of these substances. 

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