Cyclic voltammetry poly

Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) has been electropolymerized using cyclic voltammetry. Cyclic voltammograms of poly (FAD) modified electrode were demonstrated dramatic anodic current increasing when the electrolyte solution contained NADH compare with the absence of pyridine nucleotide. 

Figure 10. Cyclic voltammetry (top) and in situ electronic resistance (bottom) of poly(3-methylthiophene) from parallel-band electrode [Fig. 9(A)] experiments in S02(1) containing 0.1 M Bu4NPF6.37 (Reprinted with permission from J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112, 7869-7879, 1990. Copyright 1990, American Chemical Society.)...

There is one report of the redox properties of poly(ferrocenylene) by Oyama et al. noting that the cyclic voltammetry of low molecular weight poly(ferrocenylene) (Mw 900) dissolved in CH2C12 or electrodeposited on Pt gives a broad redox wave with two (or three) peaks between 0.2 and 0.8 V vs. SSCE (70). 

Fig. 4. Voltammograms in 0.1M Eti+NClOi+ZCH CNj rT = 1.2X1 O 8 mol/cm. Curve As Cyclic voltammetry of Pt/poly-Co -NI TPP at 20 mv/s = 200pA/cm. Curve B Four-electrode voltammetry of Pt/poly-Co( -NHi(,)TPP/Au sandwich electrode with E u = 0.0 Vj Ep scanned negatively at 5 mV/s = 400pA/cm. Curve Ci Surface profilometry of a poly-Co(o-NH2)TPP film on Sn02/glassj Tt = 7.6X10 9 mol/cm. (Reproduced from Ref. 6. Copyright 1987 American Chemical Society.)...

Figure 2. Cyclic voltammetry as a function of scan rate of a poly(I)-coated Pt electrode with a coverage of 8 x 10-8 mol/cm2 of V2 + centers in CH3CN/0.1 M [Q-Bu4N]PF6.

Figure 3. Cyclic voltammetry of adjacent electrodes of a poly(I)-coated microelectrode array driven individually and together at 200 mV/s in the region of the oxidative potential of polythiophene in CH3CN/O.I II [11-BU4N] PFg.

Figure 7. Cyclic voltammetry of an interdigitated array of microelectrodes coated with poly(I) in CH3CN/0.I H [n-Bu NlPFg (a) The potential of all eight electrodes is scanned together at 10 mV/s. (b) The potential of electrodes 2,4,6, and 8 is scanned at 10 mV/s while the potential of electrodes 1,3,5, and 7 is held at 0 V vs. Ag+/Ag.

Miller and co-workers have recently prepared nanometer-scaled molecular dumbbells based on poly(benzyl ether) dendrons (G1-G4) and oligoimide spacers [64], Their synthetic approach involved the coupling of amine-terminated oligoimides to dendrons with a carboxylic acid focal point. The resulting hybrid materials were found to be quite soluble thus allowing their analysis by cyclic voltammetry in DMF. Consistent with Roncali s observation, the kinetics of reduction of the oligoimide core was not found to be limited by the presence of the dendritic wedges. 

Intensive effort has been devoted to the optimization of CCP structures for improved fluorescence output of CCP-based FRET assays. The inherent optoelectronic properties of CCPs make PET one of the most detrimental processes for FRET. Before considering the parameters in the Forster equation, it is of primary concern to reduce the probability of PET. As the competition between FRET and PET is mainly determined by the energy level alignment between donor and acceptor, it can be minimized by careful choice of CCP and C. A series of cationic poly(fluorene-co-phenylene) (PFP) derivatives (IBr, 9, 10 and 11, chemical structures in Scheme 8) was synthesized to fine-tune the donor/acceptor energy levels for improved FRET [70]. FI or Tex Red (TR) labeled ssDNAg (5 -ATC TTG ACT ATG TGG GTG CT-3 ) were chosen as the energy acceptor. The emission spectra of IBr, 9, 10 and 11 are similar in shape with emission maxima at 415, 410, 414 and 410 nm, respectively. The overlap between the emission of these polymers and the absorption of FI or TR is thus similar. Their electrochemical properties were determined by cyclic voltammetry experiments. The calculated HOMO and LUMO... 

Fig. 11 Cyclic voltammetry and in situ conductivity measurements of poly-(4,4 -dimethoxy-bithiophene) in CH2CI2, 0.1 M TBAPFe, v = 5 mV s , T = 273 K ...

Fig. 13 Memory effect in cyclic voltammetry poly(3-methylthiophene) in CHsCN/O.l M TBAPFe,...

Fig. 6.9. Cyclic voltammetry of three platinum electrodes in clean 0.1 M HCI04 solution (broken curves) and in the same solution containing 1.0 mM of H2S04 (solid curves), (a) Pt(100), (b) Pt(poly), and (c) Pt(110). Scan rate 50 mV s 1. (Reprinted from Y-E. Sung, A. Thomas, M. Gamboa-Aldeco, K. Franaszczuk and A. Wieckowski, J. Electroanal. Chem. 378 131 copyright, 1994, Fig. 13, with permission of Elsevier Science.)...

Electrochemical deposition of poly(l,2-diaminobenzene) and polyaniline, cyclic voltammetry and amperometry were performed using a Sycopel Scientific AEW2 portable electrochemical workstation... 

The electrochemical behavior of poly(ferrocenylsilanes) has been studied at three levels—in solution by cyclic voltammetry, as films deposited on electrodes, and in the solid state via iodine doping. Solution cyclic voltammetric oxidation and reduction has shown that the polymer, where R/R is Me/Me, reversibly oxidizes in methylene chloride in two stages, apparently with the first oxidation being on alternating iron atoms along the chain.29 Films cast on electrodes behave in a similar way and also show an electrochromic response to oxidation and reduction.30... 

MWCNTs were functionalized with iron phthalocyanines (FePc) to improve the sensitivity towards hydrogen peroxide. A highly sensitive glucose sensor with an FePc-MWCNT electrode based on the immobilization of GOx on poly(o-amino-phenol) (POAP)-electropolymerized electrode surface [219]. A hemin-modified MWCNT electrode to be used as a novel 02 sensor was obtained by adsorption of hemin at MWCNTs and the electrochemical properties of the electrode were characterized by cyclic voltammetry [220]. 

Plasma polymerized N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone films were deposited onto a poly(etherurethaneurea). Active sites for the immobilization were obtained via reduction with sodium borohydride followed by activation with l-cyano-4-dimethyl-aminopyridinium tetrafluoroborate. A colorometric activity determination indicated that 2.4 cm2 of modified poly(etherurethaneurea) film had an activity approximately equal to that of 13.4 nM glucose oxidase in 50 mM sodium acetate with a specific activity of 32.0 U/mg at pH 5.1 and room temperature. Using cyclic voltammetry of gold in thin-layer electrochemical cells, the specific activity of 13.4 nM glucose oxidase in 0.2 M aqueous sodium phosphate, pH 5.2, was calculated to be 4.34 U/mg at room temperature. Under the same experimental conditions, qualitative detection of the activity of a modified film was demonstrated by placing it inside the thin-layer cell. 

Hall and Polis 7 prepared a series of polyarylamines using an aromatic nucleophilic substitution-reduction sequence (Scheme 4.20). Hence, 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene 66 was treated with />-diaminobenzene to afford tetranitro 67, which was reduced to give the corresponding first generation, diamine 68. Repetition of this sequence afforded the second generation tetradecaamine 69. These starburst polyarylamines were complexed with iodine to form semiconducting materials and were the first dendrimers to be examined by cyclic voltammetry. 

Cyclic voltammetry is also an ideal analytical tool for assessing the electrochemical stability of the polymer films. This is a fundamental requirement for any conducting polymer to be considered for long-term use in electrochemical devices. The use of ionic liquids for the electrochemical cycling of poly(aniline) has been reported to enhance lifetimes to over a million cycles [12], and significant improvements in the cycling stability of poly(pyrrole) have also been reported [32]. 

Fig. 2.19. (A) The effect of potential on the observed electrocatalytic response obtained at poly(aniline)/poly(vjnylsu fonate) electrode (geometric area 0.38 cm2, Q, 150 mC) rotated at 9 Hz in 0.1 mol dm-2 citrate/phosphate pH 7 buffer solution. Responses have been recorded at four different concentrations of NADH ( ) 0.12 mmol dm- ( ) 0.3 mmol dm"3 ( ) 0.6 mmol dm-3 and (O) 0.8 mmol dm"3. (B) Cyclic voltammetry of an identical poly(aniline)/poly(vinylsulfonate) electrode in 0.1 mol dm" 3 citrate/phosphate pH 7 buffer scanned at 5mVs , superimposed on this trace is the measured resistance for the same...

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