Pollution control devices

Double-Absorption Plants. In the United States, newer sulfuric acid plants ate requited to limit SO2 stack emissions to 2 kg of SO2 per metric ton of 100% acid produced (4 Ib /short ton Ib = pounds mass). This is equivalent to a sulfur dioxide conversion efficiency of 99.7%. Acid plants used as pollution control devices, for example those associated with smelters, have different regulations. This high conversion efficiency is not economically achievable by single absorption plants using available catalysts, but it can be attained in double absorption plants when the catalyst is not seriously degraded. 

Site maps showing the location of all pertinent units (e.g., pollution-control devices, points of discharge)... 

FIG. 25-23 Fractional efficiency curves for conventional air-pollution-control devices. [Chem. Eng., 87(13), 83 (June 30, 1980).]... 

Disposal The final func tional element in the sohd-waste-management system is disposal. Disposal is the ultimate fate of all solid wastes, whether they are wastes collected and transported direc tly to a landfQl site, semisolid wastes (sludge) from industrial treatment plants and air-pollution-control devices, incinerator residue, compost, or other substances from various solid-waste processing plants that are of no further use. 

Provide a list of all air pollution control devices and identify point and fugitive emission air pollution sources. 

Many control districts have very tight controls over petroleum refineries. Suppose these refineries produce 100 million liters of products per day and required air pollution control devices to recover all of the 2% which was previously lost. What are the savings in dollars per year at an average product cost of 10 cents per liter How does this compare to the estimate that the refineries spent 400 million for control equipment over a 10-year period ... 

Fig. 28-4. Typical pollution control device as shown for efficiency calculations.

Direct-flame afterburners are the most commonly used air pollution control device in which combustible aerosols, vapors, gases, and odors are to be controlled. The components of the afterburner are shown in Fig. 29-15. 

Additional pollution control devices beyond the scrubbers, cyclones, and baghouses that are an integral part of the plant design and operations are generally not required for mixed fertilizer plants. 

List the major types of air pollution control devices used for particulate removal. Visit the Web and make a list of equipment suppliers for these hardware. 

Add-on Control Device an air pollution control device such as carbon absorber or incinerator that reduces the pollution in an exhaust gas. The control device usually does not affect the process being controlled and thus is "add-on" technology, as opposed to a scheme to control pollution though altering the basic... 

Air Pollution Control Device Meehanism or equipment that eleans emissions generated by a source (e.g., an incinerator, industrial smokestack or an automobile exhaust system) by removing pollutants that would otherwise be released to the atmosphere. 

Clearly the largest application for filtration is air pollution control. On a worldwide basis the annual sales revenues for all types of pollution control equipment is around 150 billion dollars, with air pollution control devices being a substantial part of tliese equipment sales. The following is a summary of Web sites recommended to be consulted for specific vendor information on air filtration devices. A brief description of each site is provided. Many of these sites will link the reader to other sites containing additional information on product information. 

The incineration process may be viewed as consisting of four parts (1) preparation of the feed materials for placement in the incinerator (pretreatment), (2) incineration or combustion of the material in a combustion chamber, (3) cleaning of the resultant air stream by air pollution control devices (APCDs) which are suitable for the application at hand, and (4) disposal of the residues from the application of the process (including ash, and air pollution control system residues). 

Residuals Produced Fluidized bed incineration produces no separate ash as such, but solids are carried over in the gas stream and will require removal. Residuals from the air pollution control devices may require additional treatment prior to disposal. 

The demand for environment-friendly fuels requires the removal of organosulfur compounds present in crade-oil fractions. SO2 or SO3 contribute to the formation of acid rain and have an effect on pollution control devices [9]. Very stringent environmental regulations will limit the sulfur levels in diesel fuels in EU to less than 10 ppm by the end of 2010 [10]. The conventional sulfur-compound... 

Largest source wet air pollution control devices Typical wastewater volume 120gal/t of sinter... 

Wet scrubbers are air pollution control devices used to remove particulates and fumes from air by entraining the pollutants in a water spray. 

For effective volatilization using an enclosed mechanical aeration system, contaminated soil is mixed in a pug mill or rotary drum. The gasoline components are released from the soil matrix by the churning action of the air/soil contact. The induced airflow within the chamber captures the gasoline emissions and passes them through an air pollution control device (e.g., a water scrubber or vapor-phase carbon adsorption system) before they are discharged through a properly sized stack. 

U.S. EPA has shown that 90% of process water can be recycled to the front end of the system for slurry preparation, and the rest must be treated on site or transported to an off-site facility.80 During the aerobic process, some contaminated air may be formed and emitted from the reactor. Depending on the air characteristics, a compatible air pollution control device may be used, such as activated carbon. Slurry biodegradation has been shown to be successful in treating soils contaminated with soluble organics, PAHs, and petroleum waste. The process has been most effective with contaminant concentrations ranging from 2500 mg/kg to 250,000 mg/kg. 

EPA recently surveyed the industry and produced a background information document containing detailed information concerning the various processes in the industry, pollution control devices, and emissions.1 2 3 5... 

Flue gas containing HC1 goes to a venturi preconcentrator and an absorption column. There, the generated acid contains approximately 18% HC1 by weight. Emissions from acid regeneration plants range from about 1 to more than 10 tpy from existing facilities with and without pollution control devices (controlled and uncontrolled facilities). 

Air pollution control devices, checklist of applicable, 26 678t... 

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