Podophyllin resin

A 10% to 25% solution of podophyllin resin has been the standard in-office treatment for genital warts. 

Ciyotherapy with liquid nitrogen, or podophyllin resin 10-25% in compound tincture of benzoin applied at weekly intervals"9... 

Podophyllum Basin. U.S.P. (Podophyllin) is prepared from the dried rhizome and roots of Podophyllum peltatum (may apple, mandrake), a plant used by native peoples. An amorphous greenish-yellow powder, with a slight peculiar odor and faintly bitter taste, its active constituents are a resin and a crystalline principle, podophyllotoxin. The dose of the resin is 0.01 to 0.065 g, 1/6 to 1 grain. It is very irritating to mucous membranes, especially of the eyes. 

Podophyllum peltatum (may apple, or American mandrake) and P. emodi are. respectively, American and Himalayan plants, widely separated geographically but used in both places as cathartics in folk medicine (94). An alcoholic extract of the rhizome known as podophyllin was included in many pharmacopoeias for its gastrointestinal effects it was included in the U.S.P., for example, from 1820 to 1942. At about this time the beneficial effect of podophyllin, applied topically to benign tumors known as condylomata acuminata, was demonstrated clinically (96). This usage was not inspirational, given that there are records of topical application in the treatment of cancer by the Penobscot Indians of Maine and, subsequently, by various medical practitioners in the United States from the 19th century (96). The crude resinous podophyllin is an irritant and unpleasant mixture unsuited to systemic administration. 

The first chemical constituent was isolated from podophyllin in 1880 and named podophyllotoxin (97). A structure was proposed in 1932 and after some fine-tuning (98) was shown to be the lignan (60). As might be expected, the crude resin contains a variety of chemical types, including the flavonols quercetin and kaempferol (99). Although these other constituents undoubtedly have biological activity, it is the lignans that have received most attention and to which we shall devote the remainder of this section. 

The resin product obtained by extraction of the dried roots and rhizomes of the North American plant Podophyllum peltatum L. (the American mandrake or mayapple) and of the related Indian species Podophyllum emodi Wall. Ex Royle is known as podophyllin and has long been known to possess medicinal properties. The major active substance in podophyllin is the lignan lactone podophyllotoxin (7) although a variety of other lignans and lignan glycosides have also been isolated from podophyllin. ... 

Thomas s Cathartic Pills. Tako i drachm compound extract of colo-cynth, and 3 pains resin of podophyllin. Make into 12 pills. Bose, 1 or 2 at b -time. 1 pill acts as a laxative 3 as a free purgative. 

Podophyllum resin Podophylline MD Only aglycones due to extraction procedures >20% podophyllotoxin, (X-, (3-pellatines, desoxy and dehydropo dophyll i ne ... 

Podophyllin (podophyllum resin) is a mixture of chemicals from the plant Podophyllum peltatum (mandrake or May apple). The major constituent of the resin is podophyllotoxin (podofilox). It binds to microtubules and causes mitotic arrest in metaphase. Podophyllum resin (10 0%) is applied and left in place for 2-6 hours weekly for the treatment of anogenital warts. Irritation and ulcerative local reactions are the major side effects. It should not be used in the mouth or during pregnancy. Podofilox (CONDYLOX, others) is available as a 0.5% solution for application twice daily for 3 consecutive days. Weekly cycles may be repeated. 

The epipodophyllotoxins (Fig. 42.38) are semisynthetic glycosidic derivatives of podophyllotoxin, the major component of the resinous podophyllin isolated from the dried roots of the American mandrake or mayapple plant (Podophyllum peltatum). Although these compounds are capable of binding to tubulin and inhibiting mitosis, their primary mechanism of antineoplastic action is poisioning topoisomerase II, a mechanism that they share... 

Balucani, M., and D.D. Zellers. 1964. Podophyllum resin poisoning with complete recovery. /. Am. Med. Assoc. 189(8) 639-640. Bargman, H. 1988. Is podophyllin a safe drug to use and can it be used during pregnancy Arch. Dermatol. 124(11) 1718-1720. 

Podocarp-8(14)-en-15-oic acid, 13a-methyl-13-vinyl-. See Pimaric acid Podophyllin Podophyllotoxin Podophyllum. See Podophyllum resin Podophyllum resin... 

Perennial herb with an erect stem bearing at its apex one or two large peltate (shield-like) leaves that are five to nine lobed and measure up to about 33 cm across a solitary flower borne on fork between the two leaves up to about 45 cm high native to eastern North America from Quebec to Florida and west to Minnesota and Texas. Parts used are the dried rhizome and roots collected early in the spring or in the fall after the aboveground parts have died down. The resin (podophyllin) is prepared from the root and rhizome by alcohol extraction followed by partial removal of the solvent and precipitating the resin with acidified water. 

Podophyllin or podophyllum resin is the alcohol-soluble and water-insoluble resinous material present in podophyllum in 3-6%. Due to the method of preparation, podophyllin generally contains little or no lignan glucosides. Most of the active principles present are the lignan aglycones consisting of about 20% podophyllotoxin, 13% P-peltatin,... 

Crude (podophyllum) and resin (podophyllin) both are official in U.S.P. Current U.S.P. standards do not specify contents or identities of active principles, and strengths (see glossary) of podophyllin usually vary, depending on suppliers. 

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