Podophyllum peltatum

Epipodophyllotoxins (etoposide, teniposide) are derived from mandrake root (Podophyllum peltatum). They inhibit topoisomerase H thus causing double strand breaks. Cells in S- and G2-phases are most sensitive. Unwanted effects include nausea and vomiting, myelosuppression, and hair loss. 

Examples of inhibitors of chromatin function derived from flowering plants (Fig. 80) are etoposide (lignan) and alkaloids camptothecin, Vinca alkaloids, and 7 epitaxol. The rhizome of Podophyllum peltatum L. (May apple, Berberidaceae) has been used to remove warts and to relieve the bowels from costiveness since very early times. It contains podophyllo-toxin, a cytotoxic lignan from which etoposide (Vepesid ), which is used to treat lung cancer, lymphomas, and leukemias on account of its ability to inhibit the activity of... 

Xia Z-Q, Costa MA, Proctor J et al (2000) Dirigent-mediated podophyllotoxin biosynthesis in Liman jlavum and Podophyllum peltatum. Phytochemistry 55 537-549... 

Moinuddin SGA, Youn B, Bedgar DL et al (2006) Secoisolariciresinol dehydrogenase mode of catalysis and stereospecificity of hydride transfer in Podophyllum peltatum. Org Biol Chem 4 808-816... 

Podophyllotoxin (38) Podophyllum peltatum L.), colchicine (9) Colchicum autumnale L.), vinblastine (4), and vincristine (5) Catharan-thus roseus (L.) G. Don] are standard microtubule-destabilizing agents used in cancer research. Paclitaxel (21), from Taxus brevifolia Nutt., acts as a promoter of stabilization of microtubules and causes mitotic arrest in an unusual fashion. ... 

Eyberger AL, Dondapati R, Porter JR, Endophyte fungal isolates from Podophyllum peltatum produce podophyllotoxin,/Aht 69 1121-1124, 2006. 

Dondapati R, Identification and Molecular Characterization of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Podophyllum peltatum. Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, pp. 63, 2004. 

N Amoican mayapple. Podophyllum peltatum L., Berbaidaceae, Ang. poisonous agait once used by die American Indians to commit suicide... 

The lignans are a large group of plant phenolics, biosynthesized from the union of two phenylpropane molecules e.g., both matairesinol (Centaurea species, family Asteraceae) and podophyllotoxin Podophyllum peltatum, family Berberidaceae) are formed from the phenylpropane coniferyl alcohol. Lignans are essentially cinnamoyl alcohol dimers, though further cyclization and other structural modifications result in various structural types, e.g. dibenzylbutyrolactone and epoxy lignan. 

Podophyllum resin, an alcoholic extract of Podophyllum peltatum, commonly known as mandrake root or May apple, is used in the treatment of condyloma acuminatum and other verrucae. It is a mixture of podophyllotoxin, and peltatin, desoxypodophyllotoxin, dehydropodophyllotoxin, and other compounds. It is soluble in alcohol, ether, chloroform, and compound tincture of benzoin. 

Podophyllum peltatum L. P. pleianthum Hance a Jian Lian (Podophylium) (rhizome) Podophyllotoxin, flavonoids, desoxypodophyllotoxin.5 This herb is toxic. An antitumor agent. 

Illicium verum Hook f., I. lanacedatum A. S. Smith Podophyllum peltatum L., P. pleianthum Hance. 

These species were also alkaloid-positive Berberis incertus, Epi-medium violaceum, Podophyllum peltatum (3/3). 

Podophyllotoxin Topical treatment for condylomata Podophyllum peltatum... 

Podophyllum Basin. U.S.P. (Podophyllin) is prepared from the dried rhizome and roots of Podophyllum peltatum (may apple, mandrake), a plant used by native peoples. An amorphous greenish-yellow powder, with a slight peculiar odor and faintly bitter taste, its active constituents are a resin and a crystalline principle, podophyllotoxin. The dose of the resin is 0.01 to 0.065 g, 1/6 to 1 grain. It is very irritating to mucous membranes, especially of the eyes. 

Two compounds, VP-16 (etoposide) and a related drug, VM-26 (teniposide), are semisynthetic derivatives of podophyllotoxin, which is extracted from the mayapple root (Podophyllum peltatum). Both an intravenous and an oral formulation of etoposide are approved for clinical use in the USA. 

Quercetin (= 3,5,7,3, 4 - Pentahydroxyflavone) (flavonol) Widespread Podophyllum peltatum (Berberidaceae), Allium cepa (Liliaceae) Aminopeptidase N (56-79% inhibition at 1 pM) [64, 67)... 

To obtain the high-pure compounds from the candidate total extracts, column chromatographic separation is performed for some illustrative total extracts. For example, squalene and podophyllotoxin with high purity are isolated from the related extracts. Upon comparison with the LSE, we found that squalene can be easily obtained from the SFE extract than the case of LSE. Although we are not shown here similar interesting results are obtained for other substances. For example, high-purity podophyllotoxin derivatives, which has been known for antitumor activity[4] can be obtained easily from the SFE extract of Podophyllum peltatum. 

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