Plastic solvents

The fluid plasticizer (solvent) consists of an energetic compound, eg, nitroglycerin, an inert carrier, and a stabilizer. The system is evacuated to remove volatiles, moisture, and air, and the plasticizer is then pressurized and passed slowly upward through the powder bed while the powder is held stationary by a pressure plate on the powder column. Casting solvent may also be added from the top of the mold. 

In excess of a million metric tons of 0x0 products are produced in the United States annually. They are used in the manufacture of plasticizers, solvents, and detergents. The principal 0x0 alcohol product, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol [104-76-7] is made from propylene [115-07-1] and represents about 75% of the 0x0 market. 

Chlorine is used in a number of industrial processes, including the manufacture of plastics, solvents, and pesticides. It is used as a bleach in the paper and textile industries and as a disinfectant in water treatment (Section 15.6). 

Although SPMDs are simple in design, the mechanisms governing their performance as passive samplers of HOCs can be quite complex (see Chapter 3). The underlying principle of molecular-size discrimination in the uptake and loss of chemicals by SPMDs is shown in Eigure 2.1. The sizes of the molecules shown in the illustration are scaled to the postulated 10 A diameter of the transient pores in the membrane. Temperature and the presence of plasticizers/solvent will affect the effective pore sizes. 

Uses Manufacture of esters for use in perfumes, flavors, soaps, lotions, ointments photographic developer for color movie films dying nylon filament, textiles, and sheet plastics solvent for dyestuffs, cellulose, esters, casein, waxes, etc. heat-sealing polyethylene films bacteriostat, insect repellant emulsions ballpoint pen inks and stencil inks surfactant. 

Uses Pesticide manufacturing plasticizer solvent for coatings surface active agents polymer linking agent ingredient in naphtha organic synthesis. 

Uses Plasticizer in lacquers, varnishes, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, nitrocellulose waterproofing agent hydraulic fluid and heat exchange medium fire retardant for plastics solvent mixtures synthetic lubricant gasoline additive to prevent pre-ignition. 

Physical Form. Light colored, clear liquid Uses. Plasticizer solvent Exposure. Inhalation... 

Other semi-2-IPNs [52] processed by the freeze-drying method included IPN from 4,4 -bismaleimido diphenylmethane (BMI) and linear BTDA/3,4 -ODA polyamic acid that were dissolved in 1,3,5-trioxane (Fig. 16). The resulting semi-2-IPNs exhibited higher Tgs and reduced phase separation, and contained no plasticizing solvent. A comparison of unidirectional properties of composites prepared by the freeze-dry process to those by traditional solvent evaporation process is presented in Table 13. The freeze-drying method for the preparation of IPNs appears to be superior to previous technology. 

PCB organic compounds found as soil and water contaminants continue to grow each year. They include polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), phenols, cyanides, plasticizers, solvents, and numerous industrial chemicals. PCBs were historically used as coolants in electrical transformers and are also known by-products of the plastic, lubricant, rubber, and paper industries. They are stable, lipophilic, and break down only slowly in tissues. Because of these properties they accumulate to high concentrations in fish and waterfowl in 1969 PCBs were responsible for the death of thousands of birds in the Irish Sea. 

Ethylene oxide is used for manufacture of ethylene glycol, the latter being an antifreeze compound as well as a raw material for production of polyethylene terephthalate used in the manufacture of polyester fibers for preparation of surfactants for the manufacture of ethanolamines for production of ethylene glycols used in plasticizers, solvents, and lubricants and for making glycol ethers used as jet-fuel additives and solvents. 

Biofuel, plastics, solvent Cellulose plastics, preservatives, pesticides, perfumes, solvent... 

Adhesives offer both advantages and disadvantages in comparison with other methods of assembly, some of the most important of which are presented in summary form at the conclusion of this chapter. (The chapter as a whole comprises an introductory section, a summary of theoretical considerations underlying the effective use of this approach, a review of the types and typical compositions of adhesives suitable for bonding plastics ( solvent-based , water-based , hot-melt , and reactive ), requirements and methods for treating the surfaces in preparation for bonding, and a number of examples of the successful use of adhesives.)... 

Air exhausted from the oven carries with it significant quantities of vapour (plasticizer, solvent, and products of oxidative decomposition) nowadays most ovens are fitted with some form of equipment to remove or reduce this—such as glass fibre candle filtration systems and electrostatic precipitators (which can remove up to 95% of plasticizer vapour but do not arrest white spirit and... 

Polymers containing plasticizing solvents. Addition of solvents such as EC or PC to the polymeric systems of the types shown in Table 10 improves their conductivity considerably. Of special importance are conducting polymeric membranes based on polyacrylonitrile (PAN) containing EC, PC, and Li salts such as LiC104, LiS03CF3 [382],... 

PEG —O—, —OH Plasticizer, solvent, suppository base, tablet and capsule lubricant... 

A HE SEARCH FOR PLASTIC, solvent-free electrolytes for use in solid-state batteries is being actively pursued in several laboratories (1-4). A number of reports have stressed the need for facile motion of the macromolecular chain in order to promote the ion conduction process in the polymer matrix, because this process occurs primarily via a free-volume mechanism (1-4). Comblike polymers with oligooxyethylene side chains constitute effective media for ion conduction of solubilized alkali salts (5-8). The low glass transition temperature (Tg) of poly(dimethylsiloxane) suggests that polysi-loxane could serve as a suitable backbone for such a comb polymer, and recent studies (9-J2) indicate this to be the case indeed. 

Antimicrobial preservative emollient humectant plasticizer solvent sweetening agent tonicity agent. 

Antimicrobial preservative disinfectant humectant plasticizer solvent stabilizer for vitamins water-miscible cosolvent. 

Penetration enhancer plasticizer solvent solubilizing agent. 

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