Pipeline Gas Station

Exergoeconomic Evaluation of Desalinated Water Production in Pipeline Gas Station... 

Exergoeconomic analysis of dual purpose plant is presented. The thermodynamic properties and cost flow of various streams in the hybrid pipeline gas station and desalination systems are determined in Table 4 and 5 (Fig. 1). Exergy destruction for the hybrid components are determined based on the derived equations. Fig. 2. As can be observed the highest amount of exergy destruction is related to the combustion chamber. 

The purpose of this paper is to review the state of the art in applications for reducing the gas turbine intake air temperature and examine the merits from integration of the different air-cooling methods for 25 MW gas turbine based pipeline gas station. Four different intake air cooling methods have been applied in two pipeline gas stations. The calculations were performed on a yearly basis of operation. 

The case study is related to Dehshir and Kashan pipeline gas stations in Iran Gas Trunk line 8. The simulation has been performed in Thermoflex Software. Also, the Matlab code has been developed for thermodynamic simulation and exergoeconomic analysis of different scenarios. Finally, the thermodynamic, economics and exergoeconomic parameters for integration of the different cooling systems were calculated and compared. 

Keywords Inlet Air Cooling System, Pipeline Gas Station, Exergoeconomic 1. Introduction... 

Fig. 1 illustrates the schematic of the gas station with inlet air cooling systems and HRSG for absorption chiller. The calculations were performed on a yearly basis of operation. Technical characteristics of the Dehshir and Kashan pipeline gas stations are listed in Table 1. 

In this paper. The simulation has been performed in Thermoflex Software for thermodynamic simulation and analysis of Dehshir and Kashan pipeline gas station with different inlet air cooling systems. The elfeet of cooling technology on the net power capacity enhancement for the Dehshir gas stations is shown in Fig. 2. It shows the effect of cooling when the air is cooled from its ambient dry bulb temperature to 5 C by Chillers and to the Lowest Possible Temperatures with Evaporative Cooling (85% Approach) and Fogging (98% Approach). 

After modelling and simulating the Dehshir and Kashan pipeline gas station with different intake air cooler systems and exergoeconomie analysis of each case, lots of results were given. The exergy and cost flow of various streams in Dehshir and Kashan pipeline gas station with Evaporative air cooler system are determined in Table 2. 

Table 2. The exergy and cost flow of various streams in Dehshir and Kashan pipeline gas station...

Motor-driven, multistage reciprocating compressors have reportedly been the most popular choice for aeroderivatives. Motor-driven, oil-fiooded screw compressors are also used in some cases. High horsepower, multistage centrifugal compressors, similar to those used at many pipeline compressor stations, may be required for the newer heavy-duty units if the distribution pipeline pressure is insufficient (see Pipelines). Gas turbines have more stringent fuel-gas specifications in terms of cleanliness than do gas-fired boilers. Thus oil- and water-knockout systems, coalescing filters, and fine-mesh filters are used. 

On a typical pipeline, compressor stations are located at 81—161-km intervals and may contain up to 15 compressors. These stations may use either gas-turbine, reciprocating-engine, and/or motor-driven centrifugal compressors capable of boosting pipeline pressure and keeping gas moving at an average speed of about 24 km/h. Gas-turbine-driven units are the most popular. 

When specifying compressor packages to API 1 IP, it may be necessary to specify certain sections of API 618 to ensure satisfactory installations. An example of this would be the supply of multiple compressors to be located in pipeline booster stations. In this case, an analog or digital pulsation and vibration study per API 618 Section 3.9 would be advisable to improve reliability and to minimize system problems and potential damage caused by gas pulsations and interaction between the individual compressor packages. 

A drop in pressure was noticed in the control room and also at a pipeline pumping station. An 8-inch (20-cm) pipe between a sphere and a series of horizontal bullets had ruptured. Unfortunately, the operators could not identify the cause of the pressure drop. The release of LPG continued for —5-10 minutes when the gas cloud, estimated at 656 ft x 492 ft x 6.6 ft (200 m x 150 m x 2 m) high, drifted to a flare stack. It ignited, causing violent ground shock. 

Since large volumes are needed to economically justify North Sea systems, pipe diameters will be large, probably 30"-36", or bigger if the pipe can be physically laid. Vail thickness will be the heaviest that can be laid, which for 36" pipe may currently be 1" wall thickness. Compressor station spacing and compression ratio will be different from onshore systems due to the high coat of providing a separate pipeline compressor platform, and because the pipeline systems will In most cases have to pick up gas from various fieldsalong the route located at fixed points, and these points will tend to dictate the location of pipeline compressor stations. 

During the last three decades, the Norwegian transportation system has been developed from a single pipeline system (Norpipe system) into a complex interconnected network, as shown in Figure 1. New transportation-and treatment capacity has gradually been added and the network comprises today rich and dry gas pipelines, compressor stations, riser platforms and two onshore gas treatment plants. The system is by now the world s most comprehensive integrated offshore gas transportation network. 

Because of its lower density, transportation of GH2 through pipelines requires more energy than does transportation of natural gas. Transportation of compressed GH2 by trucks is inefficient, because the trucks can hold only about 400 kg of H2. Therefore, a busy gas station could require 10-20 deliveries of GH2 each day, whereas if LH2 is used, a single delivery would suffice. 

The different futures have very different implications for infrastructure, some requiring highly developed hydrogen distribution networks (pipelines, refueling stations), while others can use existing (gas, electricity, road) networks. 

Example 3.3. In a natural-gas pipeline at station 1, the pipe diameter is 2 ft, and the flow conditions are SOOpsia, 70°F, and 50ft/s velocity. At station 2, the pipe diameter is 3 ft, and the flow conditions are 500 psia and 70°F. What is the velocity at station 2 What is the mass flow rate ... 

The book includes summaries of the necessary theories behind the design of systems together with practical guidance on selecting most types of electrical equipment and systems that are normally encountered with offshore production platforms, drilling rigs, onshore gas plants, pipelines, liquefied natural gas plants, pipeline pumping stations, refineries and chemical plants. 

Small gas utilities with single gate stations will distribute gas as received from the pipeline. The quality of pipehne gas is not constant. Since most gas contracts are based on MMBTU rather than MCF, the pipeline has httle incentive to sell gas stable in BTU. All he must do is stay within contract BTU limits. The pipeline may have little control over the gas quality. In today s market, he may only be the transporter where the user has purchased gas from a producer on the spot market . The demand for gas components will also determine the degree of stripping by the processor or producer who knows what quality of gas will come from a storage field. There are many reasons that the quality of pipeline gas is not stable. A typical span of pipehne BTU over a year might be 1000 -1066 BTU on a 30" mercury column 60T and diy base. 

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