Reciprocating engine

Fig. 11.3). The steam then enters the engine (reciprocating or turbine) where it expands (essentially adiabatically) to pressure (Pj) [from point (3) to point (4) in Fig. 11.4]. Finally, the exhaust steam is condensed and returned to the initial state of (Pj) and (Pj) [from point (4) to point (1) in Fig. 11.4]. The work done by the engine is the crosshatched area in Fig. 11.4. 

In gas reservoir engineering, the gas expansion factor, E, is commonly used. However, in oil reservoir engineering it is often more convenient to refer to the gas formation volume factor which is the reciprocal E, and is expressed in units of scf/stb (using field units). The reason for this will become apparent in Section 8. 

Reciproca.ting Piston Meters. In positive-displacement meters of the reciprocating piston type, one or more pistons similar to those in an internal-combustion engine are used to convey the fluid. Capacity per cycle can be adjusted by changing the piston stroke. 

However, some of the mote important techniques in high pressure engineering which made possible the increase in throughput of reciprocating compressors from 4-5 t/h at a pressure of 125 MPa (18,000 psi) in the eady 1950s to 120 t/h at a pressure of 350 MPa (51,000 psi) can be considered. 

In 1840 a hydrauHc power network, which involved large reciprocating pumps that were driven by steam engines, suppHed fluid power to London. However, concurrent technology in steam (qv) turbines and the electric generators outmoded such networks until hydrauHc systems were improved with the use of rotary pumps and oil. The rotary piston pump marked the transition from use of water to oil as the hydrauHc fluid (4). The use of vacuum-distilled, refined mineral oils were instmmental in the success of rotary axial piston pumps and motors such as the Waterbury variable speed gear... 

On a typical pipeline, compressor stations are located at 81—161-km intervals and may contain up to 15 compressors. These stations may use either gas-turbine, reciprocating-engine, and/or motor-driven centrifugal compressors capable of boosting pipeline pressure and keeping gas moving at an average speed of about 24 km/h. Gas-turbine-driven units are the most popular. 

Fred K Geitner/ P.Eng / B S M E / M S M E / Consulting Engineer, Registered Pro-fessional Engineer (Ontario, Canada). (Reciprocating Engines Steam Turbine.s) ... 

The Steam Injection Cycle Steam injection has been used in reciprocating engines and gas turbines for a number of years. This cycle may be an answer to the present concern with pollution and higher efficiency. Corrosion problems are the major hurdle in such a system. The concept is simple and straightforward Steam is injected into the compressor discharge air and increases the mass flow rate... 

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