System problems

Visual inspection techniques are stressed as the most important tools used to study failures. This text is not a substitute for rigorous failure analysis conducted by experts, but it will help the reader identify and eliminate many cooling water system problems. Still, on occasion, the experienced, skilled, failure analyst using sophisticated analytical techniques and specialized equipment may be required to solve complex or unusual problems. Common sense, appropriate experience, and systematic investigation are, however, often superior to the more elaborate, but less effective, techniques used by some. 

System problem. Viscosity of liquid being pumped is higher than specified. 

Arsenic none 0.05 Skin damage circulatory system problems increased risk of cancer ceramics electronics solder Erosion of natural deposits runoff from glass electronics production wastes... 

Atrazine 0.003 0.003 Cardiovascular system problems reproductive difficulties Runoff from herbicide used on row crops... 

Chlordane zero 0.002 Liver or nervous system problems increased risk of cancer Residue of banned termiticide... 

Trichloroethane 0.003 0.005 Liver, kidney, or immune system problems Discharge from industrial chemical factories... 

How do you ensure that, when needed, personnel have the organizational freedom to identify and record product, process, and quality system problems, provide solutions and initiate action to prevent the occurrence and recurrence of any nonconformities ... 

When specifying compressor packages to API 1 IP, it may be necessary to specify certain sections of API 618 to ensure satisfactory installations. An example of this would be the supply of multiple compressors to be located in pipeline booster stations. In this case, an analog or digital pulsation and vibration study per API 618 Section 3.9 would be advisable to improve reliability and to minimize system problems and potential damage caused by gas pulsations and interaction between the individual compressor packages. 

Relief valves are often seen to be undersized for the required relieving rate, due either to poor initial design or changes in the process conditions which occurred during design. The most common system problem is that the relief valve was adequately sized for blocked discharge but not sized for the flowrate that could occur as a result of a failure in the open position of an upstream control valve (i.e., gas blowby). See Chapter 13. 

Analysis of the results you gather should include two dimensions facility-specific and companywide. As you review each facility s data, you will be gauging its performance against specific measures such as schedule and resource requirements. Companywide, the team should be looking not only for these measurements against the overall plan, but also for trends and common findings that may indicate systemic problems. 

Fluctuations in the inlet and discharge pressures indicate potential system problems that may adversely affect performance and reliability. Pressure fluctuations are generally caused by changes in the ambient environment, turbulent flow, or restrictions caused by partially blocked inlet filters. Any of these problems will result in performance and reliability problems if not corrected. 

The survey determined that advanced notice of machine-train and systems problems had reduced the potential for destructive failure, which could cause personal injury or death. The determination was based on catastrophic failures where personal injury would be... 

Other system problems Uncontrolled and excessive water losses Pump, valve, steam trap losses and no water meter leads to Oz pitting, Fe fouling and deposits of carbonate... 

There are three primary factors whereby FW system problems may either originate or manifest themselves ... 

Information access breakdowns occur when pertinent information has been stored but it either cannot be accessed for technical reasons or for some reason cannot be found in a meaningful or expedient manner for a particular application. Technical reasons can include legacy databases that are not connected with current systems, incompatibility issues between systems, problems of localized access (information can only be accessed within a site, a group or domain area, or even a personal computer), and authentication (people do not have the required authority to access information they need or cannot remember usernames and passwords). 

The decline in Los Angeles between 1983 and 1984 cannot immediately be interpreted as a decline in PCP use for that city. In 1981, during an investigation of PCP trends in Los Angeles, it was discovered that many PCP emergencies were diverted to psychiatric units, better equipped to handle the violent behavior sometimes accompanying PCP reactions. These psychiatric units were not participating in the DAWN network at that time (Kozel and Husson 1981). It is possible that similar systemic problems may have occurred in 1984. 

Adults and children 6 months of age and older who needed regular medical care or were in a hospital during the previous year because of a metabolic disease (such as diabetes), chronic kidney disease, or weakened immune system (including immune system problems caused by medicines or by infection with HIV/AIDS)... 

The label of interest is Feed Injection System Problem. The if, and, and or statements relate specific process observations that can establish that there is a likelihood of an injection system problem. Injector header pressure is a process measurement and abnormal is an intermediate label of interest. The label abnormal can be determined by developing a numeric-symbolic interpreter that maps injector header pressure data as either normal or abnormal. 

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