Absorption chiller

The 16DF direct-fired, double effect, absorption chiller/heater can also be operated in a non-simultaneous heating (only) mode to provide 140 F (60 C) hot water for-space heating or other purposes without any additional components. In this mode, the cycle follows a different vapor flow path than that undertaken for cooling and does not use the absorption process. ... 

The large scale of slurry ice storage system is installed in Kyoto station building. The building of 237,689 m2 floor area is air conditioned with 4 absorption chillers of 5,830 kW and slurry ice tank of 1,700 m3. Sub cooled water is projected into tube shape inlet where ice is made by release from sub cooling state. Slurry ice is conveyed to separate tanks through a pipe (Figure 192). 

Figure 260. Primary energy demand for vapour compression and absorption chillers...

Hybrid cooling plants may use a number of different technologies to provide cooling. These technologies include electric chillers, absorption chillers, engine-drive and/or dual-drive chillers, thermal storage systems and the use of a water-side economizer cycle. Most of these seek to pro-... 

Absorption chillers may operate either a one or two stage absorption refrigeration cycle, using water as the refrigerant (typically inhibited by molybdate) and lithium bromide as the absorbent. Depending on design, heat exchangers may include ... 

Gilchrist K, Lorton R, Green RJ. Process intensification applied to aqueous Li B+ rotating absorption chiller with dry heat rejection. 7th UK National Conference on Heat Transfer, Nottingham, U.K., Sept. 10-12, 2001. 

Grossman, G., Zaltash, A., and DeVarrlt, R. C. (1995) Simulation and Performance Analysis of a Four-Effect Lithium Bromide-Water Absorption Chiller, Proceedings of the 1995ASHRAE Annual Meeting, Chicago, IL, USA, Vol. 101, ASHRAE, Atlanta, GA, USA, pp. 1302-1312. 

Absorption chillers use heat as the primary source of energy for driving an absorption refrigeration cycle. These chillers require very little electric power (0.02 kW/ton) compared to electric chillers that need 0.47-0.88 kW/ton, depending on the type of electric chiller. Absorption chillers have fewer and smaller moving parts and are quieter during operation than electric chillers. These chillers are also environment-friendly in that they use non-CFC refrigerants. 

Commercially available absorption chillers can utilize the following sources of heat ... 

Absorption chillers, except those that use direct combustion, are excellent candidates for providing some or the entire cooling load in a CHP system for a building. Modern absorption chillers can also provide heat during winter and feature electronic controls that provide quick startup, automatic purge, and greater turndown capability than many electric chillers. Maintenance contracts and extended warranties are also available for absorption chillers at costs similar to those for electric chillers. Many facilities across the United States are already benefiting from the use of absorption chillers, such as the one pictured in Fig. 8. 

Fig. 8 Absorption chiller by broad air conditioning. (View this art in color at www.dekker.com.)...

Two types of absorption chillers are commercially available single effect and multiple effect. Compared to single-effect chillers, multiple-effect absorption chillers cost more (higher capital cost) but are more energy efficient and are, thus, less expensive to operate (lower energy cost). The overall economic attractiveness of each chiller depends on many factors, including the cost of capital and the cost of energy. 

The average steam requirements for the absorption chillers and the ancillary hospital usage were virtually satisfied by the turbine exhaust as the duct burner used only 5% of the total gas usage for the system (turbine plus duct burner). Moreover, 2001 was the year in which gas costs caused a curtailment in the turbine usage nonetheless, the turbine generator accounted for more than 60% of the required electricity. 

A new facility s energy system can be designed to utilize the waste heat effectively, capturing more of the efficiency a fuel cell can deliver. This can be more difficult in a retrofit. High-temperature fuel cells can run an absorption chiller, where the heat is used to provide cooled water for air-conditioning. 

---