Big Chemical Encyclopedia

Chemical substances, components, reactions, process design ...

Articles Figures Tables About

Pinpointing

Three years after the Breslow report on the large effects of water on the rate of the Diels-Alder reaction, he also demonstrated tliat the endo-exo selectivity of this reaction benefits markedly from employing aqueous media . Based on the influence of salting-in and saltirg-out agents, Breslow pinpoints hydrophobic effects as the most important contributor to the enhanced endo-exo... [Pg.24]

Process Hazards Analysis. Analysis of processes for unrecogni2ed or inadequately controUed ha2ards (see Hazard analysis and risk assessment) is required by OSHA (36). The principal methods of analysis, in an approximate ascending order of intensity, are what-if checklist failure modes and effects ha2ard and operabiHty (HAZOP) and fault-tree analysis. Other complementary methods include human error prediction and cost/benefit analysis. The HAZOP method is the most popular as of 1995 because it can be used to identify ha2ards, pinpoint their causes and consequences, and disclose the need for protective systems. Fault-tree analysis is the method to be used if a quantitative evaluation of operational safety is needed to justify the implementation of process improvements. [Pg.102]

Consumption of natural gas, as of the mid-1990s, was about 2000 x 10 /yr. Using seismic detection equipment, exploration firms search for gas reserves buried deep underground and beneath the sea floor. Advanced computer systems process the seismic data to pinpoint the most likely locations for reserves. These advanced systems have both cut the time required for data analysis, by 80%, and gready improved the success rate for new drill rigs. [Pg.17]

Fig. 12. Activated sludge types (a) filamentous bulking (b) nonbulking (c) pinpoint. Fig. 12. Activated sludge types (a) filamentous bulking (b) nonbulking (c) pinpoint.
Unlike the conservation guaranteed by the first law, the second law states that every operation involves some loss of work potential, or exergy. The second law is a very powerful tool for process analysis, because this law tells what is theoretically possible, and pinpoints the quantitative loss in work potential at different points in a process. [Pg.222]

Sensitivity Analysis An economic study should pinpoint the areas most susceptible to change. It is easier to predict expenses than either sales or profits. Fairly accurate estimates of capital costs and processing costs can be made. However, for the most part, errors in these estimates have a correspondingly smaller effecl than changes in sales price, sales volume, and the costs of raw materials and distribution. [Pg.817]

Compressor Configuration To propeny design a centrifugal compressor, one must know the operating conditions—the type of gas, its pressure, temperature, and molecular weight. One must also know the corrosive properties of the gas so that proper metallurgical selection can be made. Gas fluctuations due to process instabilities must be pinpointed so that the compressor can operate without surging. [Pg.926]

The quick reference Table 19-8 will help by way of rapid elimination of poor possibihties. Following that the brief comments and illustrations will help pinpoint most probable selections. Further study of the more elaborate data in the references and contact with the usual suppliers are recommended, as there are many possible modifications of equipment which can improve operating results from any type of machine finally selected. [Pg.1776]

Steel pipe in a cooling water return header contained numerous deep pits on internal surfaces one pit penetrated the pipe wall (Fig. 5.8). Pits range in size from pinpoint depressions to y2-in. (1.3-cm) pockets. Some pits are filled... [Pg.112]

Excessive number of alarms resulting in confusion and reduction in efficiency of pinpointing the root cause of the upset. Operators may miss or ignore critical alarms. [Pg.123]

In the United States, regulation of emissions from new automotive vehicles has followed the prototype-replicate route. The argument for routine annual automobile inspection is that cars should be regularly inspected for safety (brakes, lights, steering, and tires) and that the additional time and cost required to check the car s emission control system during the same inspection will be minimal. Such an inspection certainly pinpoints cars whose emission control system has been removed, altered, damaged, or deteriorated and force such defects to be remedied. The question is whether... [Pg.423]

Retrieval by output power. In this mode, the user should input the output power range of interest and thus obtain only data applying to that particular power setting. In this manner, he has only to consider the pertinent data to pinpoint the problem areas. [Pg.689]

You should use the material balance information to identify the major sources of waste and pollution, to look for deviations from the norm in waste production, to identify areas of unexplained losses, and to pinpoint operations that contribute to flows that exceed national-, local-, or site-discharge regulations. Also, a good thing to remember is that, from a practical standpoint, process ciency is synonymous with waste minimization. [Pg.379]

It may have been possible to implement very obvious waste-reduction measures already, before embarking on obtaining a material balance (even as early as at the end of Phase I). You should now consider the material balance information in conjunction with visual observations made during the data-collection period, to pinpoint areas or operations where simple adjustments in procedure could greatly improve the efficiency of the process by reducing unnecessary losses. [Pg.380]

Use the material balance for each unit operation to pinpoint the problem areas associated with a process. The material-balance exercise may have brought to light the origin of wastes with high treatment costs, or may indicate which wastes are causing process problems in which operations. The material balance should be used to set priorities for long-term waste reduction. [Pg.380]

Bakker, A., Fasano, J., and Leung, D. E., Pinpoint mixing problems with lasers and simulation software, Chem. Eng., pp. 94-100, January 1994. [Pg.662]

The information obtained by this preliminary analysis can be used not only to set priorities for the various possible Diels-Alder disconnections, but also to pinpoint obstacles to transform application. Recognition of such obstacles can also serve to guide the search for specific retrosynthetic sequences or for the highest priority disconnections. At this point it is likely that... [Pg.18]

For every human action appearing in the task-analysis table, errors of omission and commission should be pinpointed. [Pg.174]

The company had set up a computer system designed to pinpoint any equipment that needed replacing, but eight months before the accident it was found to be faulty and was shut down. The judge said, You don t need an expert armed with a computer to know what will happen when the wrong type of seal is mixed with high-pressure steam [4J. [Pg.313]

The components of each factor can be evaluated at two levels of detail. An example of these levels for the factor "Procedures and Job Aids" is provided in Figure 2.12. If the question indicates that the first level (e.g., content and reliability) is deemed to be inadequate then more questions are available at the next level of detail (the topic level) to provide additional information on the nature of the problem. For each topic, further questions are provided at a greater level of detail. These detailed questions (diagnostics) are intended to pinpoint the precise nature of a deficiency and also to provide insights for remedial action. [Pg.88]

To provide data for error analysis methods by pinpointing error-likely situations... [Pg.156]

Certain operational aspects of the plan sliould be practiced to assure tliat die proper response will be realized if and when an actual emergency occurs. The drill scemirio should be prepared almost as carefully as tlie emergency phui itself Both pre-aimounced and surprise drills should be held, observed, and evaluated to pinpoint deficiencies in tlie plan and to determine whether new training is required. The following questions should be used in evaluating drills. [Pg.97]

This incentive problem is increased as the number of polluters and the number of land otvners increase so that it is difficult to pinpoint specific incidents of pollution and their effect on individuals. The case of air pollution from cars and multiple factories is a classic example of this information problem. In a large metropolitan area, there are millions of automobiles and many factories that could contribute to air pollution. There are also millions of individuals who could be harmed by that pollution. But it is generally difficult, if not impossible, for one individual to identify a specific problem they have experienced due to air pollution and then to pinpoint the source of that problem. Such situations, where property rights are... [Pg.474]

All of the analysis techniques discussed to this point have been methods to determine if a potential problem exists within the machine-train or its associated systems. Failuremode analysis is the next step required to specifically pinpoint the failure mode and identify which machine-train component is degrading. [Pg.733]

What happens if the duration estimates turn out to be wrong or inaccurate Arrow diagramming will pinpoint all the activities (events) that are affected and the degree to which they are affected. It will tell you whether any re-planning, rescheduling, or other remedial action is necessary. [Pg.823]

The tests performed on E-cat samples provide refiners with valuable information on unit conditions. The data can be used to pinpoint potential operational, mechanical, and catalyst problems because the physical and chemical properties of the E-cat provide clues on the environment to which it has been exposed. [Pg.102]


See other pages where Pinpointing is mentioned: [Pg.999]    [Pg.75]    [Pg.2]    [Pg.258]    [Pg.266]    [Pg.312]    [Pg.517]    [Pg.442]    [Pg.372]    [Pg.54]    [Pg.305]    [Pg.187]    [Pg.399]    [Pg.114]    [Pg.144]    [Pg.269]    [Pg.573]    [Pg.599]    [Pg.117]    [Pg.42]    [Pg.629]    [Pg.383]    [Pg.236]    [Pg.616]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.188 ]




SEARCH



Behavior pinpointing

Mold gate pinpoint

Pinpoint Actions

Pinpoint assay

Pinpoint gates

Pinpoint rusting

The PinPoint Assay

© 2024 chempedia.info