Picea

Mormal Italian turpeutlne is the prnduel of Piukj picea and Piintf piK/utfT. Pala/.2o- giv< S ibe following values for a lypical pore commercial sample... 

Balsam-kraut, n. costmary moschatel. -pappel, /. balsam poplar, tacamahac. -taone, /. balsam fir (Abies balsamea) spruce (esp. Norway spruce, Picea abies). 

Rot-stift, m. red pencil, red crayon, -tanne, /. Norway spruce (Picea abiea). 

Forest Decline and Air Polhitioru A Study of Spruce (Picea abies) on Acid Soils. Schulze, E.D. Lange, O.L. Oren, R, Eds., Springer-Verlag Berlin. 1989. 

From bark, valuable chemicals, such as betulinol, can be obtained [5]. Betulinol is used as a health-promoting agent. Recently Holmbom et al. [27, 28] discovered that hydroxymatairesinol (HMR) is concentrated in the stems and knots of Norway spruce Picea abies). It can be extracted and transformed catalytically to matairesinol (MAT), which is an antioxidant and anticarcinogenic agent [29-31]. 

The value of spruce-oil chemistry in sorting out problems of hybridization and introgression—major factors in Picea taxonomy—was succinctly summarized by von Rudloff who defined three situations (1) Terpene variation is limited such that it is not possible to use these characters in studies of introgression this is the case in eastern North America where the ranges of black spruce and red spruce overlap. (2) Sufficient variation in terpene profiles exists for the compounds to be useful markers in systematic studies as seen in white spruce. Brewer s spruce, and Sitka spruce. (3) Tree-to-tree variation in terpene content is so variable that use in che-mosystematic studies is precluded, or at least requires very large sample sizes for statistical reliability, as seen with Engelmann s spruce. 

The cambium was isolated firom spruce (Picea abies) logs felled in October-November. The bark was stripped off, and the cambium was removed by gentle scraping. The isolated cambium was immediately fiozen in liquid nitrogen and fi-eeze-dried. The carbohydrate composition of the isolated cambium was analysed by HPLC after enzymatic hydrolysis using Pectinex Ultra and a mixture of cellulases and hemicellulases (Buchert et al 1993). 

Triterpenoids Picea glehni stem bark SiOj Hx + AcOEt uv Identification 58 ... 

L. Eltrop, Role of ectomycorrhiza in the mineral nutrition of Norway spruce (Picea ahies L.). Ph.D. thesis. University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany (1993). 

M. Tesche, EinfluB von Trockenbelastung auf die Ausscheidung von Kohlenhydra-ten dutch die Wurzein von Picea ahies (L.) karst, und anderen Koniferenjung-pflanzen. Flora 163 26 (1974). 

J. Grayston and C. D. Campbell, Functional biodiversity of microbial communities in the rhizospheres of hybrid larch (Larix eurolepis) and Sitka spruce (Picea sitch-ensi.s). Tree Physiol. 76 1031 (1996). 

H. Mar.schner, M. Haussling, and E. George, Ammonium and nitrate uptake rates and rhizoshpere-pH in non-mycorrhizal roots of Norway spruce [Picea ahies (L.) Karst.). Trees Struct. Funct. 5 14 (1991). 

M. Hiiussling and H. Marschner, Organic and inorganic soil phosphate and acid phosphatase activity in the rhizosphere of 80-year-old Norway spruce Picea ahies (L.) Karst] trees. Biol. Fertil. Soils (1 128 (1989). 

I. Kottke, Fungal adhesion pad formation and penetration of root cuticle in early stage mycorrhizas of Picea abies and Laccaria amethystea. Protoplasma 196 55 (1997). 

M. Lindmark Henriksson, D. Isaksson, T. Vanek, I. Valterova, H. E. Hogberg, K. Sjodin, Transformation of terpenes using a Picea abies suspension culture, J. Biotechnol., 107, 173 184 (2004). 

Materials Optical coherence microscope (OCM), personal computer for visualization and recording of images, distilled water, slides and cultivated plants in natural conditions or freshly harvested. The following plants were investigated Nicotiana affinis L., Calendula officinalis L., Urtica dioica L., Atriplex sp., Picea and Pinus sylvestris. 

OCM images of resin ducts in in Picea and Pinus silvestris L. are shown in Fig. 3. The ducts appear as light spots located near the needle surface. Resin if not crystallized, is in a liquid form and is not registered as a dense material. 

Fig. 3 OCM Images of resin ducts (shown by arrows) in the needles of Conifer plants a -Picea sp. b - Pinus sylvestris L.

Leopold, B. Oxidation of Wood from Picea abies (L) Karst, with Nitrobenzene... 

Spruce, Picea abies, Germany, 1984 Declining spruce forest ... 

White spruce, Picea alba Arsenic-contaminated soil ... 

Fig. 1. Distribution of iron in trees trunk on the background and the haloes of iron ore bodies (deposit Oktyabr skoe, Tat yaninskoe, and Zmeinaya gorka). A - larch (Larix dahurica Turcz.) B - pine (Pinus silvestris L.) C - birch (Betula platyphylla Sukacz.) D - cedar (Cedrus sibirica (Rupr.) E - fir-tree (Picea obovata Ledeb) F - rowan-tree (Sorbus sibirica Hedl.). 1 - on the haloes (a - the most intensive, b - of middle intensive, c - the less intensive) 2 - on the background.

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