Picea excelsa

The dominant species are the spruce (Picea excelsa), the birch (Betula verrucosa, B. pubescens), the aspen (Populus tremula), and the alder (Aims incana). The moss and low bush layer is represented by the blueberry-bush (Vaccinium myrtiilus), hypnic mosses, separate species of cowberry (Vaccinium uliginosum) and flowering plants. The biomass of these Spruce Forest ecosystems reaches 10 ton/ha at the age of 100-150 years (Table 4). 

Spruce species (Picea excelsa) Blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus)... 

The group of condensed tanning materials also includes polycondensates based on hydroxystilbenes as their precursors. These substances were found in the bast of the spruce bark Picea excelsa) and their chemical structure is as follows ... 

Spruce fir (Picea excelsa Lam Link, Picea glauca) 49-57 27-33 7-11 10-11 54-63... 

Obt. by mild hydrol. of wood of Fagus sylvatica and Picea excelsa. Prisms (EtOH aq.). Mp 143.5°. 

Prod, of lignin degradation. Isol. from wood of Picea excelsa and Larix leptolepsis. Syrup, [a] —6.7° (c, 0.53 in MeOH). 

Pitch, Burgundy n Originally the solidified resin obtained by heating and straining the air-dried oleo-resin exuded by the Norway spruce Picea excelsa) and Emopean silver fir Abies petinata) now denotes an artificial mixture made by heating rosin with certain fixed oils, the combination being used for adhesive plasters. 

These acids are rarely found free and are usually in combined form as esters. Other variations on the basic theme include reduction of the side chain. Thus reduction of /t-coumaric acid forms />-coumaryl alcohol which occurs as a glucoside in Picea excelsa. Large numbers of simple phenylpropanoid derivatives have been identified and doubtless many more await discovery. 

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