Pinus silvestris

OCM images of resin ducts in in Picea and Pinus silvestris L. are shown in Fig. 3. The ducts appear as light spots located near the needle surface. Resin if not crystallized, is in a liquid form and is not registered as a dense material. 

Fig. 1. Distribution of iron in trees trunk on the background and the haloes of iron ore bodies (deposit Oktyabr skoe, Tat yaninskoe, and Zmeinaya gorka). A - larch (Larix dahurica Turcz.) B - pine (Pinus silvestris L.) C - birch (Betula platyphylla Sukacz.) D - cedar (Cedrus sibirica (Rupr.) E - fir-tree (Picea obovata Ledeb) F - rowan-tree (Sorbus sibirica Hedl.). 1 - on the haloes (a - the most intensive, b - of middle intensive, c - the less intensive) 2 - on the background.

Pine sUvestris Pinus silvestris L. Monoterpene hydrocarbons, pinenes, car-3-ene, limonene, myrcene... 

Pine-needle Pinus silvestris L., P. nigra Arnold Esters calculated as bornyl acetate (1.5-5)... 

Meier, H., and Wilkie, K. C. B. (1959). The distribution of polysaccharides in the cell-wall of tracheids of pine (Pinus Silvestris L.). Holzforschung 13, 177-182. 

Dehydropinifolic acid (8) has been isolated from Pinus silvestris. The n.m.r. spectrum showed that there was a trans relationship between the side-chain C-14 hydrogen atom and the C-13 methyl group. Comparison of the position of the AB methylene quartet in the derived alcohol showed that dehydropinifolic acid has a C-4 equatorial carboxy-group. 

Hemming D. L., Switsur V. R., Waterhouse J. S., and Heaton T. H. E. (1998) Chmate variations and the stable carbon isotope composition of tree ring cellulose an intercomparison of quercus robur, fagus sylvatica and pinus silvestris. Tellus SOB, 25-33. 

Table 5. Ratios of nutrient elements to carbon in the litter of Scots pine (Pinus silvestris) during decomposition in modeled conditions (after Staaf and Berg, 1982).

One of the few available studies considering both xanthophyll cycle conversions and PS II composition and function—as the two processes that have been implicated in the phenomenon of photoinhibition (Osmond, 1994 Adams et al., 1995a Anderson et al., 1997)—is the study by Ottander et al. (1995) of seasonal transitions in the field in Scots pine (pinus silvestris). Scots pine ceases growth during the winter season and downregulates overall photosynthetic... 

Picea omerica P., Serbian fir bark (9) 1.1 Pinus silvestris L., pine twigs (27) 3.4... 

The most sensitive ecosystems affected at Chernobyl were toe soil fauna and pine forest communities toe majority of toe terrestrial vertebrate communities were not adversely affected by released ionizing radiation. Pine forests seemed to be toe most sensitive ecosystem. One 400 ha stand of Pinus silvestris died and probably received a dose of 80-100 Gy. Other stands experienced heavy mortality of 10-12-year-old trees and as much as 95% necrotization of young shoots these pines received an estimated dose of 8-10 Gy. Abnormal top shoots developed in some Pinus, and these probably received 3-4 Gy. In contrast, leafed trees in toe Chernobyl Atomic Power Station zone, such as birch, oak, and aspen, survived undamaged, probably because they were about 10 times more radioresistant than pines. Extremely high radioresistance was documented in genetically adapted strains of toe filamentous fungus Alternaria alternata isolated from toe reactor of toe Chernobyl power plant other strains of this species are supersensitive to radiation. There was no increase in mutation rate of spiderwort (Arabidopsis thaliana), a radiosensitive plant, suggesting that toe dose rate was <0.05 Gy/h in toe Chernobyl locale. 

Table 2.1 The hydrodynamic properties of lignin (MWL) fractions from wood Pinus silvestris) [48] ...

Constituents of Pinaceae and Cupressaceae include 8,5,18-labdanetrioI, (-)-labda-nolic acid and (+)-6-oxocativic acid. Numerous derivatives have been found in conifers such as pine (Pinus), fir (Abies), larch (Larix) and juniper (Juniperus). Selected examples are (+)-12,15-epoxy-8(17),12,14-labdatriene (pumiloxide) from Pinus pumila, (-l-)-12,14-labdadien-8-ol (abienol) from Pinus strobus and various Abies species, (+)-ll,13-labdadien-8-ol (neoabienol) from Abies sibirica, (-)-13(16),14-labdadien-8-ol (isoabienol), (+)-8(17)-labdene-15,18-dioic acid from the needles of Pinus silvestris (Pinaceae) and 14,15-dihydroxy-8(17),13(16)-labdadien-19-oic acid fxora Juniperus communis (Cupressaceae). 

Isopimaranes occur in some pine (Pinaceae) and juniper species (Cupressaceae). Examples include 7,15-isopimaradiene and 8,15-isopimaradien-18-oic acid (A -isopimaric acid) from Pinus silvestris as well as 8(14),15-isopimaradiene-3,18-diol and 8,15-isopimaradiene-3,7,19-triol from Juniperus thurifera. 

More than 200 diterpenes with an abietane skeleton are reported to exist naturally Numerous representatives oeeur in conifers. Selected examples include palustra-diene, also referred to as (-)-8,13-abietadiene, from the pine tree Pintds palustris, from the so-called berries of the sade tree Juniperus sabina (Cupressaceae) and other species of juniper trees, (-)-abietenol from the pine Pinus silvestris and the fir Abies sibirica, (-)-abietic aeid belonging to the resin acids of turpentine and wide-spread in conifers such as various pines Pinus), larch trees Larix) and firs Abies), as well as (+)-palustric acid from the balm and the roots of Pinus palustris, isolated from gum rosin. 

Simatonyte A. Vendoviene J. Impact of sulfur and nitrogen dioxide concentration on radical increment dynamics of Scots pine (Pinus Silvestris L.) growing in cities. Environ. Res. Eng. Manage. 2009, 48,25-34. 

Here two isozymes of superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1) from Scots pine (Pinus silvestris L.) needles was purified and their sub-cellular location was determined. 

Hydroxy-C,2-C26 (including unsaturated Cis) Zea mays, Glycine max, Citrullus colocynthis, Pinus silvestris. Thymus vulgaris 26-29... 

Pine silvestris Pinus silvestris L. Pinaceae Leaf/twig Wild LQ... 

As no plant could be found which did not conjugate tryptophol in vitro [14], a search for such conjugates as naturally occurring compounds could be rewarding. In fact, the presence of tryptophol esters in products of yeast fermentation was inferred by Ehrlich [6], and the acetate was recently identified in wine using GC-MS [10]. An alkali-labile tryptophol conjugate, presumably an ester, was also detected in seeds of Pinus silvestris [32]. The formation of tryptophol esters by the phylogenetically unrelated yeasts and pines may well indicate that such compounds commonly occur in plants. 

Pine silvestris oil Pini silvestris aetheroleum Pinus silvestris L. 

Hayward HE (1938) The structure of economic plants. MacMillan, New York Hejnowicz A, Tomaszewski M (1969) Growth regulators and wood formation in Pinus silvestris. Physiol Plant 22 984—992... 

Wodzicki TJ (1978) Seasonal variation of auxin in stem cambial region of Pinus silvestris L. Acta Soc Bot Pol 47 225-231... 

Zajaczkowski S (1973) Auxin stimulation of cambial activity in Pinus silvestris. I. The differential cambial response. Physiol Plant 29 281-287 Zajaczkowski S, Wodzicki TJ (1975) Inhibition and requirement of natural stimulator for cambial xylem production in isolated stem segments of Pinus silvestris. Physiol Plant 33 71-74... 

Gifford, D. R. 1967. An attempt to use as a tracer in a Scots pine (Pinus silvestris L.) litter decomposition study, pp. 687-693. In Secondary Productivity of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Vol. 2 (K. Petrusewicz, ed.). Institute of Ecology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw. 

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