Phosphorus bronze

Another class of toroidal NMR probes is formed by toroid cavity detectors (TCD) [31]. These TCD have been mounted into cylindrical metallic autoclaves to study spin relaxation effects of gases under pressure [31]. If the toroid cavity detector is the metallic pressure vessel itself it is called a toroid cavity autoclave (TCA) probe [32, 33]. These probes can be tuned to higher resonance frequencies than TCDs and also show better spectral resolution [29]. Figure 2.12 shows the design of a TCA where the autoclave body is built from phosphorus bronze [33] keeping the field distortions of the magnetic field Bq, induced by susceptibility mismatches... 

Nickel-plated copper vessels were used in all radiolysis experiments. The vessels were made from copper tubing, 1.5 inches in diameter. The bottom was a 1-mm. thick copper sheet which was silver soldered to the approximately 10-cm. high vessel. A Hoke brass valve with Teflon seat and phosphorus bronze bellows was attached to the top of the vessel by a 1/4-inch Swagelock fitting. Each vessel and all parts of the valves were nickel plated. 

Passive systems. Passive static control incorporates grounding and conductive materials. Gold and silver are excellent conductors but are cost prohibitive. Carbon fiber, stainless steel and phosphorus bronze are commonly used passive static-control devices in plastic processes and decorating. However, copper tinsel remains the most common because of its low eost and availability. Its efficiency is considered mixed but if it reduces static to an acceptable level, it does away with the need for more expensive electrical ionizers or controls. 

Bronze is essentially an alloy of copper and tin, but may also contain additional elements such as zinc and phosphorus. Bronzes containing copper, tin and phosphorus are known as phosphor bronze, while those containing copper, tin and zinc are known as gunmetal. A wide range of bronzes with additional alloying elements are available for a wide range of applications. These materials include aluminium bronze, nickel aluminium bronze and manganese bronze. 

Phosphorus compounds are very important as fertilizers (world use 1976/77 27-3 megatonnes as P2O5) but are widely used in matches, pesticides, special glasses and china ware, alloys (sleels. phosphor bronze), and metal treating (10%), detergents (40%), electrical components (e.g. GaP), foods and drinks (15%). Phosphates are an essential constituent of living organisms. U.S. production of phosphorus 1982 372 000 tonnes. 

Phosphorus is also important in the production of steels, phosphor bronze, and many other products. Trisodium phosphate is important as a cleaning agent, as a water softener, and for preventing boiler scale and corrosion of pipes and boiler tubes. 

Silver Brazed Joints These are similar to soldered joints except that a temperature of about 600°C (1100°F) is required. A 15 percent silver, 80 percent copper, 5 percent phosphorus solder is used for copper and copper alloys, while 45 percent silver, 15 percent copper, 16 percent zinc, 24 percent cadmium solders are used for copper, copper alloys, carbon steel, and alloy steel. Silver-brazed joints are used for temperatures up to 200°C (400°F). Cast-bronze fittings and valves with preinserted rings of 15 percent silver, 80 percent copper, 5 percent phosphorus brazing alloy are available. 

Phosphor-athcr, m. phosphoric ether (ester of phosphoric acid, specif, ethyl phosphate), -basis, phosphorus base, -bestimmung, /. determination of phosphorus, -blei, n. lead phosphide Min.) pyromorphite. -bombe, f. phosphorus bomb. -brandgranate, /. phosphorus incendiary shell, -brei, m. phosphorus paste, -bromid, n. phosphorus bromide, specif, phosphorus pentabromide, phos-phorus(V) bromide, -bromijr, n. phosphorus tribromide, phosphorus(III) bromide, -bronze, /. phosphor bronze, -calcium, n. calcium phosphide, -chlorid, n. phosphorus chloride, specif, phosphorus pcntachloride, phosphorus(V) chloride, -chloriir, n. phosphorous chloride (phosphorus trichloride, phosphorus(III) chloride), -dampf, tn. phosphorus vapor or fume, -eisen, n. ferrophos-phorus iron phosphide, -eisensinter, m. diadochite. 

Gear lubricants In addition to the usual oxidation and corrosion inhibitors, lubricants for heavily loaded gears almost always contain EP additives containing sulphur, chlorine or phosphorus. In order to function, these additives must react locally with the metal surfaces, and yet the extent of the reaction should not be such that it could be described as corrosive, or promote fatigue pitting . These EP additives may be quite safe with ferrous metal surfaces, but may cause severe corrosion on copper alloys, e.g. on bronze worm wheels if for any reason excessive temperatures arise. 

Electroless nickel deposition may then be carried out directly onto steel, aluminium, nickel or cobalt surfaces. Surfaces of copper, brass, bronze, chromium or titanium are not catalytic for deposition of nickel-phosphorus and the reaction must be initiated by one of the following operations ... 

Silicon s atomic structure makes it an extremely important semiconductor. Highly purified silicon, doped with such elements as boron, phosphorus, and arsenic, is the basic material used in computer chips, transistors, sUicon diodes, and various other electronic circuits and electrical-current switching devices. Silicon of lesser purity is used in metallurgy as a reducing agent and as an alloying element in steel, brass, and bronze. 

Alloys. Tin is widely used as both a major and minor ingredient of alloy metals. These applications are summarized in Tables 1, 2, and 3. Phosphor bronzes (Table 3) actually contain very little phosphorus, ranging from 0.03 to 0.50%, and hence the alloys are poorly designated. Tin bronzes is the better term. High-silicon bronzes contain about 2.8% tin low-silicon bronzes about 2.0% tin. Gun metals are tin bronze casting alloys with a 5 10% zinc content. Some wrought copper-base alloys contain tin (1) Inhibited Admiralty metal, 1% fin (2) manganese bronze, 1% tin (3) naval brass, 0.75% tin, (4) leaded naval brass, 0.75% tin. See also Copper. 

Small amounts of zinc, lead, iron, antimony, and phosphorus also present. b International Annealed Copper Standard. c Ree-cutting phosphor bronze. 

In addition to the metals listed above, many alloys are commercially electroplated brass, bronze, many gold alloys, lead—tin, nickel—iron, nickel—cobalt, nickel—phosphorus, tin—nickel, tin—zinc, zinc—nickel, zinc—cobalt, and zinc—iron. Electroplated alloys in lesser use include lead—indium, nickel—manganese, nickel—tungsten, palladium alloys, silver alloys, and zinc—manganese. Whereas tertiary and many other alloys can feasibly be electroplated, these have not found commercial applications. 

The uses of phosphorus.—Phosphorus is employed in making bronzes, and for... 

The greater part of the elemental phosphorus produced in this country is used in the manufacture of a type of alloy known as phosphor bronze. In chemical warfare, smoke screens have been produced by the... 

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