Lead phosphides

Phosphor-athcr, m. phosphoric ether (ester of phosphoric acid, specif, ethyl phosphate), -basis, phosphorus base, -bestimmung, /. determination of phosphorus, -blei, n. lead phosphide Min.) pyromorphite. -bombe, f. phosphorus bomb. -brandgranate, /. phosphorus incendiary shell, -brei, m. phosphorus paste, -bromid, n. phosphorus bromide, specif, phosphorus pentabromide, phos-phorus(V) bromide, -bromijr, n. phosphorus tribromide, phosphorus(III) bromide, -bronze, /. phosphor bronze, -calcium, n. calcium phosphide, -chlorid, n. phosphorus chloride, specif, phosphorus pcntachloride, phosphorus(V) chloride, -chloriir, n. phosphorous chloride (phosphorus trichloride, phosphorus(III) chloride), -dampf, tn. phosphorus vapor or fume, -eisen, n. ferrophos-phorus iron phosphide, -eisensinter, m. diadochite. 

Lead Phosphides.—Phosphorus is only slightly soluble in molten lead (about 1-5 per cent.).8 Most of that which is dissolved is thrown out as violet phosphorus (q.v.) when the lead solidifies, but some crystals of a phosphide are also formed.10 Precipitates are obtained by passing phosphine over lead acetate 11 or into alkaline or ammoniacal alcoholic lead acetate solutions, consisting of unstable phosphides,12 13 such as Pb3P2, which is decomposed by acids with evolution of phosphine. 

Methods of Preparation—Alkali Phosphides—Alkaline Earth Phosphides— Copper, Silver and Gold Phosphides—Zino Group Phosphides—Boron and Aluminium Phosphides—Titanium Group Phosphides—Tin and Lead Phosphides—Arsenic, Antimony and Bismuth Phosphides—Chromium, Molybdenum and Tungsten Phosphides—Manganese Phosphides—Iron, Cobalt and Niokel Phosphides—Platinum Phosphides. 

The diversity in structure and bonding possible for phosphides is effectively demonstrated by the monophosphides. Monophosphides MP of the group 1 and 2 elements (El, E2) are polyphosphides with i(P ) chains and P2" dumbbells, respectively. Ell and E12 monophosphides are not known. The E3 and E13 monophosphides are the so-called normal compounds with 3x = (M) (see Section 2). With El3, they form the zinc blende structure with tetrahedral heteroatomic bonds. Ternary derivatives such as MgGeP2 and CuSi2P3 have a random distribution of the M atoms, whereas CdGeP2, crystallizes in the ordered chalcopyrite type with a TO[GeP4/2] tetrahedral net (see Section 6.4). The E3 monophosphides form the NaCl structure. CeP is remarkable because of its physical properties (metal-semiconductor transition heavy-fermion behavior). The E14 monophosphides show the break usually observed when passing the Zintl border. Binary lead phosphides are not known SiP and GeP... 

Only a few compounds with Pb-P linkages are at present known. There appear to be no binary lead phosphides although Hittorfs phosphorus can be crystallised from molten lead (Chapter 4.1), and the phosphide HgPbPi4 is known (Figure 8.16). 

This paper describes the catalytic activity of nickel phosphide supported on silica, alumina, and carbon-coated alumina in the hydrodesulfurization of 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene. The catalysts are made by the reduction of phosphate precursors. On the silica support the phosphate is reduced easily to form nickel phosphide with hi catalytic activity, but on the alumina support interactions between the phosphate and the alumina hinder the reduction. The addition of a carbon overlayer on alumina decreases the interactions and leads to the formation of an active phosphide phase. 

The deliberate poisoning of harmful birds leads to unexpected consequences. In three districts of the former GDR in 1964-65, com was sprayed with methyl parathion and grain with zinc phosphide to fight rooks. As was expected, a large number of birds died, but rooks made up only 3% of the total [32]. 

The extension of this approach to artificial leaves based on titanates, niobates, tantalates, metal nitrides and phosphides, metal sulfides, and other transition metal oxides appears possible and useful in order to enhance the photocatalytic efficiency. In addition, the construction of multicomponent systems such as Ti02-CdS or MoS2-CdSe for overall water splitting could also lead to further improvements. This... 

Iseler, G. W. et al., Int. Conf. Indium Phosphide Relat. Mater., 1992, 266 Reaction of beryllium, copper, manganese, thorium or zirconium is incandescent when heated with phosphorus [1] and that of cerium, lanthanum, neodymium and praseodymium is violent above 400°C [2], Osmium incandesces in phosphorus vapour, and platinum bums vividly below red-heat [3], Red phosphorus shows very variable vapour pressure between batches (not surprising, it is an indeterminate material). This leads to explosions when preparing indium phosphide by reactions involving fusion with phosphorus in a sealed tube [4],... 

An unusual mixed lithium phosphide/lithium alkyl aggregate has been reported as arising from an attempted synthesis of Li PH(mes ) (46). Initial treatment of phosphorus trichloride with Li(mes ) is reported to give a mixture of the desired product, (mes )PCl2, and the side product (mes )Cl (via Li/Cl exchange) in an approximately 2 1 ratio. Reduction of this mixture with LiAlH4, followed by treatment with BuLi, then leads to rapid formation of Li PH(mes ), accompa-... 

Indiums low melting point is the major factor in determining its commercial importance. This factor makes it ideal for soldering the lead wires to semiconductors and transistors in the electronics industry. The compounds of indium arsenide, indium antimonide, and indium phosphide are used to construct semiconductors that have specialized functions in the electronics industry. 

Our experience has shown that the hydrolysis of aluminium phosphide with cold water is the most suitable method for the laboratory preparation of phosphine. Here it is important that the aluminium phosphide be as pure as possible in order to avoid the formation of spontaneously inflammable phosphine. The presence of small quantities of diphosphine and also higher phosphines are responsible for this spontaneous inflammability 96.276-278) jj. gp, pears, however, that these are only formed when P—P bonds are already present in the phosphide. Accordingly the hydrolysis of aluminium phosphide, prepared from the elements with phosphorus in slight excess, always leads to spontaneously inflammable phosphine. The formation of diphosphine and higher phosphines from aluminium or alkaline earth metal phosphides, which contain excess phosphorus, can be easily understood when the lattices of these compounds are considered. 

Methyl phosphide linked dimeric phosphazene derivative [N3P3Ph4(Me)H]2P(Me) 2Cl has been obtained when MePCla is allowed to react with the hydridophosphazene, N3P3Ph4(Me)H (Scheme 22) [240]. Oxidations of the hydridophosphazenes with KMnOa, sulphur or halogen lead to the corresponding phosphoryl [238], thiophosphoryl [242] or halophosphazene derivatives [243, 244, 218, 216] (Eq. 47) The thiophosphoryl derivative has also been obtained by the reaction of the hydrochloride salt of the corresponding phosphinophosphazene with sulphur (Scheme 22) [240]. 

The chlorides, bromides, iodides, and cyanides are generally vigorously attacked by fluorine in the cold sulphides, nitrides, and phosphides are attacked in the cold or may be when warmed a little the oxides of the alkalies and alkaline earths are vigorously attacked with incandescence the other oxides usually require to be warmed. The sulphates usually require warming the nitrates generally resist attack even when warmed. The phosphates are more easily attacked than the sulphates. The carbonates of sodium, lithium, calcium, and lead are decomposed at ordinary temp, with incandescence, but potassium carbonate is not decomposed even at a dull red heat. Fluorine does not act on sodium bofate. Most of these reactions have been qualitatively studied by H. Moissan,15 and described in his monograph, Lefluor et ses composes (Paris, 1900). 

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