Phosphate glasses phosphates

It is a simple process to form a phosphate glass. Phosphates are called glass formers. Phosphate melts are complex mixtures of reorganizing molecules. Glasses can be formed from many of these melts when they are chilled quickly. The amorphous solids are mixtures of molecules that happened to exist as they were frozen in time. No two mixtures of phosphate glasses are ever exactly the same, but their average properties are very similar. 

The steel container partially Tilled with phosphate glass... 

In recent years, concentrated phosphoric acids, which may contain as much as 70% to 75% P2O5 content, have become of great importance to agriculture and farm production. World-wide demand for fertilizers has caused record phosphate production. Phosphates are used in the production of special glasses, such as those used for sodium lamps. 

In the hydraulic transport of solids through steel pipelines, inhibitors of the sodium-zinc-phosphate glass type have been shown" to be effective. In the case of coal slurries the polyphosphate type was rejected because the de-oxygenating action of the coal lowered the inhibitor effectiveness. Hexavalent chromium compounds at 20 p.p.m. were more effective". ... 

In the literature, Marchand et al [9] have shown that two Nls peaks exist in the phosphate glasses a peak at 397.8 eV corresponding to P=N-P bonds and... 

Bogomolova, L.D., Jachkin, V.A., Lazukin, V.N., Pavlushkina, T.K., and Shmuckler, V.A. 1978. The electron paramagnetic resonance and optical spectra of copper and vanadium in phosphate glasses. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 28 375-389. 

Iron phosphate glasses, 12 585, 616 Iron phosphates, 18 839 Iron phosphating, 16 214-215 applications for, 16 215 Iron phthalocyanine, isolation of, 24 36 Iron(II) phthalocyanine, 14 547 Iron plating baths, 9 814t Iron porphyrin-catalyzed dye oxidation, 9 383-384... 

Network polymerization, in silicate and phosphate glasses, 12 574 Neuberg, Carl, 11 8 Neupogen, 3 817 Neural networks, 7 507... 

Fig. 4.4 (a) Comparison on a logarithmic scale of the conductivity ratio and the thermodynamic activity ratio of alkali oxide in several silica based glasses. Activity ratios are deduced from potentiometric measurements, (b) On the same scale, conductivity vs activity of AgX (X = Cl, Br, I) in phosphate glasses. Activity values are deduced from calorimetric measurements. 

Kirkpatrick, R.. and Brow, R.K. (1995) Nuclear magnetic resonance investigation of the structures of phosphate and phosphate-containing glasses a review. Solid State Nucl. Magn. Reson., 5, 9-21. 

Prabakar, S., Wenslow, R.M., and Mueller, K.T. (2000) Structural properties of sodium phosphate glasses from Na -> cross-polarization NMR./. Non-Cryst. Solids, 263, 82-93. 

So far, a sufficiently durable glass with good selectivity for divalent cations, especially Ca " has not been obtained [394], Phosphate glass does exhibit such selectivity [395], but its technical development is in the initial stages. 

Cripps-Clark C. J., Sridhar R., Jefies J. H. E., and Richardson F. D. (1974). Chain distribution and transition temperatures for phosphate glasses. In Physical Chemistry of Process Metallurgy. I H. E. Jefies and R. J. Tait, eds. Inst. Mining Met. 

Meadoweroft T. R. and Richardson F. D. (1965). Structural and thermodynamic aspects of phosphate glasses. Trans. Faraday Soc., 61 54-70. 

The double-beam phosphate-glass Nd laser apparatus used in these experiments has been described elsewhere (3,4). Experiments were of the pump-probe type done at a rate of one per minute using a 531 nm (8 ps FWHM, TEM, 1 mj ) pulse to initiate the photodissociation... 

Similar results have been reported for Eu3+ in glasses (J4) germanate glasses where the Eu3+ c.t. band is situated at 38462 cm i show a more intense forced-electric-dipole emission than phosphate glasses, where the c.t. band lies at 49020 cm i. These excimples illustrate the influence of the c.t. state upon the Eu3+ 4/- 4/ emission. 

In Germany, a silica-phosphate glass-ceramic has been developed and used clinically. It consists of fluorhydroxyapatite (Caio(P04)e(OH,F)2) and phlogopite ((Na,K)Mg3(AISi30io)F2), a type of mica [88,94-96],... 

Wastes with water content greater than 85% increase the energy costs of the process. Some problems have been noted with phase separations in the final waste form. The technology cannot treat gases or iodine. Mercury is difficult to incorporate. There are concentration limits for some elements in a silicate glass final waste form. Phosphate glass final waste forms can incorporate greater concentrations of some metal oxides, chlorine salts, and mercury in some cases. 

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