2-Phenyl propylene

Propylene gave both 1-phenyl- and 2-phenyl-propylene. High temperature was required and a slightly raised pressure of the gas was used. On the basis of known stoichiometric reactions of palladium complexes the mechanism given in Scheme 65 was proposed.624... 

PHENYLPROPYLENE or 2-PHENYL-PROPYLENE or -PHENYL-PROPYLENE (98-83-9) C,H, Flammable liquid. Forms explosive mixture with air [explosion limits in air (vol %) 0.9 to 6.1 flash point 129°F/54°C autoignition tenp 1066°F/574°C Fire Rating 2]. Easily polymerizable. Unless inhibited, forms unstable peroxides. Reacts with heat and/or lack of appropriate inhibitor concentration. Reacts with catalysts for vinyl or ionic polymerization, such as alumimun, iron chloride or 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(/er/-butylperoxy)hexane. Violent reaction with strong oxidizers, butyl lithiiun, oleiun, xenon tetrafluoride. Incompatible with acids. The uninhibited monomer vapor may block vents and confined spaces by, forming a solid polymer material. Attacks aluminum and copper. On small fires, use dry chemical powder (such as Piuple-K-Powder), foam, or CO2 extinguishers. 

Synonyms/Trade Names AMS, Isopropenyl benzene, 1-Methyl-1-phenylethylene, 2-Phenyl propylene ... 

Molecules of lignin and its primary breakdown products, which are the most important coal precursors, are now generally considered to be based on phenyl-propylene units, derivatives of which have been obtained from coal by oxidizing it with performic acid (41-43). 

C,HaBr,0 a.a.y-Tribroin-. [3.5-dibroin-2-oxy-phenylj-a-propylen 0 1 284. a-Brom- -[2.3.5.6-tetrabrom-4-oxy-phenyl]- -propylen 6, 573,1286. a.a-Dibrom. -[2.3.5-tribrom.4-oxy-phenyl]-a-propyten 6, 574,1285. 

Verbindupg C, 7Br,0 aoa s.a-Dibrom- >-metboiy-J.[3.5.dibrom.2-oxy.4-inethyl-phenyl]. -propylen 6 1 466. 

I aiHjjOg a Phenyl.. propylen- . .j .y-tetra carbons ure.tetraathylester 9,1001. 

Polymer-type antioxidants have been prepared by Eriedel-Crafts reaction of -cresol andp- and/or y -chloromethylstyrene in the presence of boron trifluoride-etherate (198). The oligomeric product resulting from the alkylation of phenyl-a-naphthylamine using C12—15 propylene oligomer in the presence of AlCl or activated white clays is used as an antioxidant additive for lubricating oils (199). 

The hydroperoxide process involves oxidation of propjiene (qv) to propylene oxide by an organic hydroperoxide. An alcohol is produced as a coproduct. Two different hydroperoxides are used commercially that result in / fZ-butanol or 1-phenylethanol as the coproduct. The / fZ-butanol (TBA) has been used as a gasoline additive, dehydrated to isobutjiene, and used as feedstock to produce methyl tert-huty ether (MTBE), a gasoline additive. The 1-phenyl ethanol is dehydrated to styrene. ARCO Chemical has plants producing the TBA coproduct in the United States, Erance, and the Netherlands. Texaco has a TBA coproduct plant in the United States. Styrene coproduct plants are operated by ARCO Chemical in the United States and Japan, Shell in the Netherlands, Repsol in Spain, and Yukong in South Korea. 

Hydroperoxide Process. The hydroperoxide process to propylene oxide involves the basic steps of oxidation of an organic to its hydroperoxide, epoxidation of propylene with the hydroperoxide, purification of the propylene oxide, and conversion of the coproduct alcohol to a useful product for sale. Incorporated into the process are various purification, concentration, and recycle methods to maximize product yields and minimize operating expenses. Commercially, two processes are used. The coproducts are / fZ-butanol, which is converted to methyl tert-huty ether [1634-04-4] (MTBE), and 1-phenyl ethanol, converted to styrene [100-42-5]. The coproducts are produced in a weight ratio of 3—4 1 / fZ-butanol/propylene oxide and 2.4 1 styrene/propylene oxide, respectively. These processes use isobutane (see Hydrocarbons) and ethylbenzene (qv), respectively, to produce the hydroperoxide. Other processes have been proposed based on cyclohexane where aniline is the final coproduct, or on cumene (qv) where a-methyl styrene is the final coproduct. 

Treatment of (11 aS)-3-isopropyl-11 a-methyl-4-phenyl-1,6,11,11 a-tetrahy-dro[l,4]oxazino[4,3-6]isoquinolin-l-one (243) with 6N HCl in a pressure tube, then the reaction of the work-up residue with propylene oxide gave (3S)-3-methyl-l,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (244) (99S704). 

Phenyl-2-methoxy)ethyl piperazine 3-Phenyl-3-methoxy propylene oxide... 

In a reactor provided with a mechanical stirrer, a reflux refrigerant and a thermometer, there is introduced 393 grams 1-[2-phenyl, 2-methoxy] ethyl piperazine and 22 grams 3-phenyl-3-methoxy propylene oxide in 750 ml of absolute ethanol. 

Of interest is the relative composition of the LABs, particularly the different amount of 2-phenyl isomer and of nonlinear alkylates, given in Table 8. Branched alkylbenzene (BAB) formed by the AlCl3-catalyzed reaction between propylene, condensed to its tetramer, and benzene are less biodegradable and are termed biologically hard. LABs have to a large extent replaced BABs in the domestic markets because of their improved biodegradability. 

The preferred catalysts are salts of inorganic and organic acids as well as tertiary amines. Phthalic anhydride, succinic anhydride and maleic anhydride are typical acid anhydrides, while ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, epichlorohydrin and phenyl glycidyl ether are typical epoxides. The synthesis of a ladder polymer was carried out by using bisanhydrides264. ... 

Propylene oxide Butylene oxide Phenyl oxirane ... 

Polyvinylacetate Polymethylmethacrylate Propylene carbonate o-Terphenyl Phenyl salicylate... 

R. F. Chanshev, S. V. Kovtunenko, F. D. Tsikunkov, R. A. Ismakov, G. V. Konesev, and R. A. Mul5mkov. Lubricant for cutter bit bearings— contains ethylene-propylene synthetic rubber, zinc dioctyl-phenyl dithio-phosphate, polytetrafluoroethylene and mineral oil. Patent SU 1778162-A, 1992. 

Fig. 2 Squares Solubility of 7-chloro-l,3-hydro-5-phenyl-2H-1, 4-benzodiazepine-2-one-4-oxide in aqueous propylene glycol. (Data from Ref. 9) Circles Solubility of another benzodiazepine. (Unpublished data.)...

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